In 1922, five years before his arrest from the USSR, the Sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneerson, returned to the Radian order to return 35 boxes of books that had been confiscated many years earlier. These books belonged to several generations of Chabad leaders Beginning with the founder of the movement, Rabbi Shneur-Zalman from Lyad, who began collecting a library from the 18th century.
At these collections one could see the illustrated Great Haggadah, seen in 1712 in Amsterdam; on these sides there are spills from the wine spilled at the hour of the Passover Seder. Another book was seen in 1552 near Venice; In its margins, handwritten marks, interspersed with Hebrew italics, which resemble Arabic script, have been lost. It was found in the collections of the Pentateuch of 1631 with Latin commentaries, deprived of the ancient Christians, how they read the Jewish book, etc.
Storinka Aghadi (1712), filled with wine
The Radyansky district never turned back the books, and nearly a hundred years of stench was stored in the storerooms of the Moscow Public Library. Lenin (today - Russian State Library). The library may soon finish scanning and posting on the Internet all 4,500 books in Schneerson’s collection. After which the smell will become available to everyone who has a computer, connections to the world wide web.
“About 10-20 books have gone missing. In a month, everything will be on the site,” said Svetlana Khvostova, a student of the Russian State Library, which is responsible for Schneerson’s collections, transferred to the Moscow Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center.
Svitlana Khvostova
The books of Chabad chapters have repeatedly become the subject of intense scrutiny. This story began back in the days of the First World War, when the Lubavitcher Rebbe Rabbi Dov Ber Schneerson and his son Yosef Isaac Schneerson deprived the Lubavitcher peoples, before whom the Germans were approaching. Yeska. Having lost my books to a bank in Moscow.
In a book written in 1922 that is preserved today in the Jewish Museum, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneerson explains that having lost the books in the warehouse, he was unable to preserve them. However, if, through a number of fates, you want to take them back, the order is under the drive, which is all instead of a warehouse of nationalizations. The books were transferred to the state library.
After the collapse of the USSR, Chabad filed a petition to the American court, urging the Russian order to turn the books. In 2013, an American judge praised that Russia can pay a fine of 50 thousand dollars per day that it does not turn books. In its own way, the Russian order destroyed the law about these books from Schneerson’s collections, which in 1990 were submitted to the library of the US Congress, and never returned to Moscow (the books were transferred to Chabad).
Not least, the Russian authorities made time for reconciliation by asking Chabad librarians to Moscow to compile a list of books that belonged to the Schneerson homeland. Librarians selected 4,651 books that were donated to the recently opened Jewish Museum and the Tolerance Center. True, in the American ship's documents there are about 12 thousand books, but according to Khvostova's words, she has no idea where the data came from.
The complete manuscripts, leaves, documents and family photographs from Schneerson's collections were not transferred to the Jewish Museum. This paper of the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe was deprived of confusion in Poland, evidence of the beginning of the Second World War began to reach America. The archives fell into the hands of the Nazis, and after victory over Nimechina they were delivered to Moscow. These documents are preserved at the Russian Sovereign Military-Historical Archive in Moscow. According to Khvostovaya’s words, they were also scanned before they were posted on the Internet.
Manuscripts of the Lubavitcher rabbis, as before, are lost from the collections of the Russian State Library, although, according to Khvostova, the Jewish community did not ask for them: “The Hasidim wrote sheets to Putin, in whom they took “books for collection” and Schneerson.” That’s why the manuscripts were lost from the State Library.” Libraries may be able to access manuscripts that require further submission. Behind the words of Khvostova, few people are able to profit from this.
Thus, at this time, more than two books of Schneerson’s collections are available to the public. Their foreign descendants have already been vikorized: for example, at Columbia University, as they recount the origins of the first Jewish books. “In the margins of books we are constantly discovering something new: children’s little ones, scribbles, letters on the right side of the calligraphy,” says Khvostova.
Side from an old book in the Schneerson collection with notes and scribbles
Books are stored in special cardboard boxes, which make it difficult for microorganisms to survive. The room is maintained at a constant temperature and a special gas burning system is installed so that valuable books are not damaged in the future.
It’s not enough for Russians to write books - just Russian Jews, who are expected to not know Hebrew. The museum's librarians are still unable to read books: out of five Slavic students, only three of them know Hebrew, which they studied at Moscow University.
Behind the words of Khvostova, many Hasidim respect that books from Schneerson’s collections have downright magical powers. It seems that the American homeland has arrived with five children. So right outside the airport, without even stopping to get to the hotel, we went to marvel at Schneerson’s books. The Hasidim who came before us don’t care that the books are scanned. It’s important for us to rub them in our hands.”
Books from Schneerson's collections are available on the website of the Russian State Libraryhttp://www.rsl.ru/en (Click on “Digital Catalog”, then “Databases.”)
SCHNEERSSON LIBRARY
For over 20 years now, American Hasidim, members of the Chabad movement, have been trying to “turn” from Russia to the United States by any means possible, the so-called “Schneerson Library.” The United States had two legal proceedings, in 2010 the District Court of Washington found out the library of the New York center of the Chabad movement and ordered from Russia the illegal transfer to the United States or the American Embassy. In 2013, in connection with this decision, the same court announced the introduction of fine sanctions against Russia for the corruption of Chabad in the amount of 50 thousand dollars per day of “stitching”. The American court, as the democratic press tells us, is so independent that it has no control over it. Neither the president, nor the government, nor the congress can express the decision of the court...
It is unlikely that most Russians will understand what this means. What kind of library is this? Who is Schneerson? Who can claim the rights of the ruler? Vіdpovіdach – Russian Federation. Who are the positive ones?
It’s easiest to understand the concept of “turn to the USA.” This library was never located on the territory of the United States, and most of it was never deprived of the territory of Russia.
Everything else is much more complicated.
Let's face it: there was a family library, so the description did not work out, the registration form was not complete. Who and if started the collection is completely unknown. We can take into account the fact that at the turn of the 19th-20th century the 5th Lubavitcher Rebbe, Sholom Dovber Schneerson, became the ruler. The library was located in his little house near Lyubavich (nin - Smolensk region). In 1915, fearing military actions and rural revolts, Dovber Schneerson moved the library to Moscow. As a result of the same fate, he moved to Rostov-on-Don. It is unclear why the library was taken away in Moscow and not transported to Rostov.
In 1918, the collection of books was nationalized by the Radyan government, but they did not succumb to resale or fragmentation. Sholom Dovber took a strongly anti-Bolshevik position and lived in Rostov during the huge war. Radyanskaya Vlada in Rostov was established only in the cruel fate of 1920, and a month later Sholom Dovber died.
Yosef Yitzchak became the 6th Lubavitcher Rebbe. Yosef Yitzchak lived near Rostov until 1924, and then - near Leningrad. When you try to turn the library, it is not installed. In principle, there was no right of inheritance. Was Yosef Isaac the only biological descendant? Dont clear…
In 1927, Yosef Yitzchak Schneerson emigrated from his family. When visiting a part of the library and special (family) archives. Naturally, the library came back behind the cordon. In 1939-40, Rebbe Yosef Isaac was sent to the United States for the help of German intelligence services. Most of the library and part of the archive were lost during the occupation of Poland. It should be noted that the Nazis acquired Jewish cultural values en masse, but Schneerson’s library did not interfere. In 1945, the family was recognized as one of the trophy teams of the Red Army and taken to Moscow as a battle trophy. Nowadays, Chabad's friends are constantly thinking that the trophies will be turned back as they were buried by the Nazis from a Holocaust victim. Let’s face it, Rebbe Schneerson’s behavior as a “victim of the Holocaust” does not at all resemble the behavior of Janusz Korczak. Find out why Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak left occupied Warsaw and will be left with no riddles. One can clearly say that he has lost his flock under the guardianship of the Reich’s paramilitary structures. There is no evidence of his fate in the fight against Nazism.
After the 6th war and the change in 1951, the 7th rebbe Menachem Mendel began organizing the Chabad sub-division in the USSR.
The end of the 1980s, Perebudova. It became possible to export the library from the USSR to the USA. It was necessary to establish the right to power. Both the 5th and 6th children had a number of direct declines. There were no instructions or other documents about the transfer of the library and archive to the American directorate of Chabad. It is clear that Chabad during the tenure of Menachem Mendl became extremely rich. There was a threat that after the death of his child, the funds would be found at the disposal of biological recessions. Therefore, in 1987, a group of people made an attempt to eliminate the biological declines of the 5th and 6th children in control of the family mine, since once the library was transferred to the United States, it would naturally be divided Also with recessions. American court, at which Rabbi Menachem Mendel was not present due to illness, but in his name the squad of Chaya Mushka appeared, recognizing the library of the power of the American directorate of Chabad.
Instruction 1991 r_k. In the situation of the collapse of the USSR, favorable minds arose for the storage of the library and its export to the United States. The delegation of American Chabadniks was supported by M.S. Gorbachov, A.M. Yakovlev and their comrades. The Perebudovna press tried to correct the huge idea on the corruption of the Chabadniks. And despite the weakness of the current authorities, the library’s management did not dictate the decision of the Russian Federal Arbitration Service to transfer the library to the American directorate of Chabad. Moreover, Chabad claimed both for a part, nationalized in 1918, and for trophies in 1945.
After the defeat at the repeated trial in 1992, Chabad took over the most important right-wing forces in Russia, - in dozens of centers throughout the territory, and since 1999, the monopoly of Chabad under the name FJR (Federation) has actually been established. and the Jewish communities of Russia) in the Jewish religious communities of the SND. Several synagogues were buried that were not previously owned by Chabad. To this day, Chabad has not blocked the container from the kerіvnitstvo of Russia.
A sharp crisis began in 2010, when the American court ruled that Russian power would remain on the territory of Russia. Unfortunately, the presence of fakes and the oppressive situation with counter-propaganda have led to divisions in the marriage from this food. And among the Russian Chabadniks there are no differences. Their position is that the library may be “turned over” to the United States. In response to the defiantly anti-Russian behavior of Chabad, the authorities of Russia show a tendency to stagnate.
If I wanted to cook, I would like to supply some food.
First: who are positive? Why, after all, is there a committee of 4 slaves, who are not allowed to bear the nickname Schneerson and are not a descendant of anyone. Moreover, one of the “representatives of the positive” is the head rabbi of the Moscow synagogue on Bronniy Yitzhak Kogan.
But the real “positive people” are not Schneerson, and the American directorate of Chabad. Let's look at No. 1 of the magazine "Lehaim" for 2001, and read Leon Furth's material on the topic of how to tick us off. Leon Furth is not an unforgettable magazine, he is a member of the Vice President of the United States for National Security (emphasis added - E.L.). I quote: “Starting from the 1940s, the US has been pushing for Moscow to turn these books over to the rightful rulers. At the beginning of the 90s, Al Gore actively fought in the US Senate for a consistent policy in this direction. This was supported by the administration of President Bush. Having settled the campaign, as a result of the support of both parties, Gore managed to pass a bill that would give part of the American aid to Russia for the minds of turning these books. A decision will be made about the return of the archives to the Moscow city of Smolensk only after the return of the Schneerson collection.” “Before his trip to Moscow in 1993, Vice President Gore confirmed that he took a firm position in this regard, and made it clear to the Russian side that he was confident in the certainty of destruction in their government.” “The American order continues to push on the opposite side of the spectrum, and it is less clear that in which we are supported by both parties. being a senator, Gore became the initiator of a bill that would be accepted by Russians across the entire spectrum. The co-sponsor of this bill was Senator Joseph Lieberman. Who are the right “positive” people, and not Hasidim in black lapserdak.
Friend: what about the Russian patriotism of the Russian Chabadniks? How good are they for their otherness? Not at all! It’s just that all the rabbis of FEOR are the same as the citizens of the USA, Israel, Canada and other countries, just like in Russia. Of course, choosing between Batkivshchyna and the city of rebellion, they give precedence to Batkivshchyna. Rukh Chabad has been conducting anti-Russian activities since 1917. In the past and the coming years, with the active assistance of their “agents influx”, they won strong political positions in Russia, and practically costlessly took away a large number of people. His American “cosponsors,” perhaps, were not entirely satisfied with the results of his work, and were planning to spend more often on the Russian budget.
President of Russia V.V. Putin requested the transfer of the library to the new Jewish museum near Moscow, and the museum’s support was consistent with the decisions of the American court, demonstrating who he respects with his superiors.
Mrs. Genieva, director of the Library of Foreign Literature, showed the generosity of the public authorities, showing her readiness to transfer to the United States documents from the Schneersons’ special archive (exactly those that would thwart the desires of American structures).
The sense of attack is even deeper. The USA is a land of law, Russia is a land of lawlessness, so American laws can apply on its territory.
Metaphorically, one can equate the “Schneerson Library” with the egg in which Koshcheev’s death was laid. I can't help but try to get rid of the "egg".
Columnist of the newspaper “Evreiske Slovo” Boris Sokolov does not lose optimism: “Well, wait, it’s not easy to take possession of the trophies of the Red Army, taken from the ruler by the Nazis under the threat of death. The problem of this part of the collection could also be attributed to the evidence of good will on both sides. But, it seems, he is already the second Russian president.” I respect, - it’s unlikely that Chabad will choose a more arrogant president for Russia. The next step would be to secretly print the publication of documents from the Schneerson family archive - to make them available to humanity. And so that the American partners do not appear, instead of the library, send them back all the “envoys of the Rebbe.”
Evgen Lobkov. Chelyabinsk, Berezen 2013
The Schneerson Library is a collection of ancient Jewish books and manuscripts collected by Hasidic rabbis who formed the Chabad religious movement from the end of the 18th century near the Belarusian town of Lyubavitch in the territory the current Smolensk region, which was the center of one of the branches of Hasidism.
The library was started at the beginning of the 20th century by the head of the community of Lubavitcher Hasidim, Rabbi Yosip Yitzchak Schneerson, on the basis of a collection that was collected since 1772. His collections have increased, and today they contain 12 thousand books and 50 thousand rare documents, including 381 manuscripts. Hasidim respect the library as a religious shrine: it has collected manuscripts and books about Hasidism since the emergence of this movement, the center of which is the Lubavitchers. These are manuscript philosophical treatises of the 18th century and the works of the third Lubavitcher rebbe, Menachem Mendel, also known as the Tsemach Tzedek.
In 1915, during the hour of the First World War, when the front line approached the town, the sixth Lubavitcher rebbe, Josip Schneerson, deprived the Lubavitchers and moved from his exile to Rostov-on-Don, and partly libraries (about 12 thousand books, including some unique ones) ) seen from the beginning of the 19th century) having been stored to Moscow at the book warehouse of Persitsya and Polyakov.
In 1918, the Russian collection was nationalized by the decree on the scientific funds of the RRFSR and transferred to the Rumyantsev Library, on the basis of which the State Library was created. V.I. Lenin (nini – Russian State Library).
Another part of the library (about 25 thousand pages of manuscripts) Schneerson was imported in 1927 when emigrating beyond the border - from the beginning to Riga, and in 1934 to Poland. There, in 1939, the group fell into the hands of the Nazis and was taken to Germany. The Rebbe himself, with the help of the Americans, in 1940 decided to leave for New York and take over in Brooklyn, where he now found the light center of the movement of Lubavitcher Hasidim.
After the disaster of the Third Reich, Schneerson's archives, together with other captured documents, were transported to Moscow and transferred to the Central Sovereign Archive of the Red Army (nin of the Russian Sovereign Military Archive).
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At the beginning of the 1990s, the son-in-law of Yitzchak Schneerson - Menachem Schneerson for the encouragement of rich other Hasidim, who respect Rabbi Schneerson as a saint, and the archives of his homeland as a religious shrine, wanting to turn the collection, as before nationalization, the special power of his father-in-law remained.
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On November 18, 1991, the Great Arbitration Court of the RRFSR suddenly praised the transfer of the collection to funds especially for the creation of the Jewish National Library. But the library of knowledge has seen nothing. The current head of the manuscript department, Viktor Deryagin, threatened to burn himself from the collection at once, and then hid them near the walls of the library. And on the 14th of 1992, the plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court discussed the latest decisions and this collection was lost from the Russian State Library.
In 1995, at the hour of verification, it became clear that several manuscripts had been published. In 1996, according to ZMI, manuscripts were found on the black market in Israel.
In 1998, US Vice President Al Gore officially turned to the Prime Minister of Russia to complain about the library being turned over to the Hasidim. In 2005, 100 members of the Senate and most members of the US Congress signed an official document to the then Russian President Volodimir Putin with the intention of returning Schneerson's books to Chabad. There was no official confirmation.
In early 2006, Lubavitcher Hasidim sent a summons to the federal district court in Washington. The addresses of the call were the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Culture of Russia, the Russian State Library and the Russian State Military Archives. The head organization of Lubavitcher Hasidim, “Agudas Chassidim Chabad,” has been dissolved in the United States and is seeking to transfer the archives and library of the Schneersons for safekeeping and sent an urgent appeal to the American court. Judge Lambert immediately praises that he has no right to look at the share of the entire library and can decide on just one part of the Schneerson family archive, which includes over 25 thousand pages of manuscripts, sheets and other materials of the dynasty.
Russia stated through lawyers that it is not subject to the jurisdiction of American courts, opposing the court's application to the Russian Federation. In 2009, Lambert was ahead of the curve in praising the decision of the right to the positive side, since the Russian side does not take part in the rumors. In this regard, the court threatened the District of Columbia in 2009 with death due to the failure of Russian representatives to appear on the right to the positive side.
At the beginning of the 2010 year, Washington federal judge Royce Lambert praised that the Hasidim have achieved their right to books and manuscripts, which, according to their assignments, are preserved in the Russian Sovereign Library and the Russian Military archives "illegal".
The decision against Chabad, accepted by Judge Royce Lambert, is based on the US Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976, which allows American courts to conduct proceedings against other sovereign powers, including their governments. The court noted that Russia added this power “in a discriminatory manner, not for basic needs and without fair compensation.”
The Ministry of Health of Russia commented on the decision of the American court, which was satisfied with the postures of the New York Jewish religious organization "Agudas Hasidei Chabad" to the Ministry of Culture of Russia, Rosarkhiv, the Russian State Agency library and the Russian Sovereign Military Archive about the transfer of TV news in Russia. "Schneerson Libraries". The Ministry of Health of Russia respects gross violations of the internationally accepted principles of international law. We are primarily concerned with the principle of jurisdictional immunity of powers, whereby the judges of one power cannot consider charges against other powers and their authority without clearly expressing the interests of the others. Therefore, according to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, there will be no desired “return” of books from this library.
According to the words of Oleksandr Avdiev, who at that time occupied the seat of the Minister of Culture, the scandal from the Schneerson library greatly complicated the cultural exchange between the United States and Russia, as a result of which the second was confirmed on the court decision in Washington, D.C. I, afraid of possible arrests, was hesitant to force the departure of exhibitions . to the territory of the USA.
A number of great Russian museums - the Tretyakov Gallery, the Kremlin Museums, the Hermitage - took part in exhibitions in the United States, and several American museums praised similar decisions.
In the spring of 2011, due to the situation with the Schneerson Library, a conflict arose regarding the exhibition of objects of mystique from the Moscow Rublyov Museum, which were exhibited in the Museum of Russian Icons in the American town of Kl. Inton (Massachusetts) up to 25 lin. The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation gave permission to securely transfer 37 exhibits to the Rublyov Museum to Russia. The American Museum was initially convinced of the Russian side's influence, praising the decision to rotate the icons.
On June 27, 2011, the Federal Court for the District of Columbia allowed the Jewish religious movement "Chabad Lubavitch" to proceed with the final decision on its appeal to the Russian Federation for the return of approximately 12 thousand books and 50 thousand rare documents from the library ki Schneerson. In this case, the court decided that the organization had to impose sanctions on the Russian Federation for violation of the ship's order imposed on the ruins. The court gave Russia 60 days to notify of possible sanctions.
At the beginning of 2011, the special representative of the President for international cultural cooperation, Mikhailo Shvidky, once again confirmed Russia’s position with the “authority of the Schneerson library”, voting that the decision of the American court about the return of the library was not May have legal force for the Russian Federation.
At the beginning of 2012, Russia announced that it had no intention of entering into negotiations about the share of the Schneerson library, as it would have affected the cultural exchange between the Russian Federation and the United States, until the decision of the American court would be affected, which would praise the collection of the American Hasidim.
The Russian community of Hasidim has more rights to the Schneerson collection, but the American community respects the general director of the Russian State Library, Alexander Visliy. We informed Izvestia that the federal authorities are ready to transfer the taxes due to a clear decision.
We actually preserve part of the Schneerson collection. “It may be a great drink, I often sign applications from our Jewish community, members of which want to get acquainted with the collection,” said Oleksandr Visliy. - In this situation, I am like a warehouse manager. Once the order is complete, solidified by the stonework of the region, I will release the collection. I’m guessing that there will never be such an order.
Following the words of the director of the library, any citizen of the world can immediately come, sign up at the Russian Library and get acquainted with the books and manuscripts from Schneerson’s collections.
As soon as we transfer the library to the private collection of the American community, I have no idea that such a regime will be secured,” Oleksandr Visliy is afraid.
Yitzchak Kogan, a minister of the Hasidim union of the Chabad SND, the envoy of the Lubavitcher Rebbe in Russia and the rabbi of the synagogue on the Great Bronnaya, confirmed to Izvestia that the Hasidim of Russia respect the modest Schneerson collections more than themselves and ready to accept the library.
There was a decision of the Russian court about those who wanted to turn the library back to us, but then everything went back, and I don’t know why: The Russian sovereign library and the authorities were deciding the decision, - said Rabbi Yitzchak Kogan. - I’ve already dealt with this issue for 23 years in the post-graduate expanse, but I’ve already dealt with the problem for 95 years, and now it’s at a dead end. Russia does not provide books to either the United States or its Hasidim.
Russian Hasidim respect that the synagogue on Great Bronnaya has all the resources for the proper and safe preservation of the Schneerson collection.
Also, in 2000, a Jewish community center was created near Marina Gai, and in this one a Hasidic library was created as a branch of the Russian State Library. Then the head worker of Russia, Berl Lazar, insisted on President Putin’s request to transfer Schneerson’s books to his center. 28 books were donated to the Hasidic library. The collection has a price tag of over 60 thousand. one saved.
On September 16, the Federal District Court in Washington ordered the Russian authorities to pay a fine of $50 thousand. As of today, the Schneerson library will not “turn back” to the United States.
Earlier, the same American court had already ruled against the transfer of the Schneerson library to the Chabad movement to the United States. However, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation decided to revoke the resolution. In addition, the MZS wanted the Hasidim to return these books from the collection, which in 1994 were withdrawn from the RDB from the international interlibrary loan for two months and were never returned to Russia ii.
In response to the final decision of the Washington court, the Ministry of Health of Russia stated that the verdict was made due to violations of American and international laws, and if the Russian sovereign mine is arrested in the United States, harsh approaches will be taken from the court.
The Schneerson Library is the largest collection of Hasidic literature collected from the 18th to the 20th centuries. Russian Hasidim call it another for its significance (after the Wall of Cry) preserved shrine of the Jews.
Some of the collections were nationalized by the Radyansky order in 1918, apparently before the current legislation - they themselves are now in the RDB. Yosef Yitzchok Schneerson brought the rest of it to Riga, then to Poland. During the war, she ended up in Nimechina and, together with other trophies, was transported by the Radyan troops to Moscow. This part is preserved at the Russian Sovereign Military Archive.
At the beginning of the 1990s, Schneerson's son-in-law Menachem won the court case, which is a collection, with the State Commercial Court of the SRSR, and then with the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Radyansky Union. The prote library was willing to submit to the decision of the court: the head of the handwritten volume of Viktor Deryagin collected Schneerson's collections from the conchos. In 1992, the plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court squashed all previous decisions and secured the right of the RDB to preserve the Hasidic library.