Federal State Professional Mortgage Mortgage
"Novokuznetsk State Humanitarian-Technical College-Boarding School"
Ministry of Social Protection of the Russian Federation
Registrations with m/o
code No.___________
date______ ______2015
Methodist: Kuropatkina T.Yu.
__________________
Studying the lesson is methodical.
"Phraseological units. Phraseological amendments and their correction."
Prepared and carried out
:Kuznetsova Irina Yuriivna,
Russian language e-mail account
literature
m. Novokuznetsk, 2016
Discipline: Russian language and language culture.
Vikladach: Kuznetsova I.Yu.
Group: _____ ______ Date: "___" __________201 r.
Lesson plan
I Topic of the program (section): Section No. 2 Vocabulary and phraseology.
II Lesson topic: Lexical and phraseological norms and variations. Phraseologism. Phraseological turns. Phraseological amendments and their correction. New phraseology and vikoristannya.
Lesson type: lesson acquired knowledge based on knowledge; Lesson zastosuvannya know, master and get started in practice.
Lesson method:
1. Know the methods of oral communication and activation. 2. Methods of fastening the screwed material. 3. Methods of independent work. 4. Methods of work from stagnant knowledge in practice and learning and learning. 5. Methods of verification and evaluation, know, be smart, and become a beginner.
III Objectives and objectives of the lesson:
Zavdannya:
Developing: developing the skills of correct use of phraseological units in spoken and written language;
formulate the basics of the specific features of phraseological turns, differentiate their importance from other basic units in the future promotion;
develop creativity and imaginative thinking in students;
enrich your vocabulary reserves;
Vikhovuya: to capture love down to its own language, its beauty and richness of meaning.
Equipment, content, distribution material, board design:
Doshka;
projection equipment, computer;
presentation before the lesson;
cards for independent work;
tables, diagrams.
Phraseologism. Phraseological turns. Phraseological amendments and their correction.
Meta for the lesson: forming in the classroom statements about phraseology as a unit of language, about the peculiarities of its life and living in language.
Zavdannya:
Rozvivayucha: develop skills in correctly using phraseological units in oral and written language;
formulate the basics of the specific features of phraseological turns, differentiate their importance from other basic units in the future promotion;
develop creativity and imaginative thinking in students;
enrich your vocabulary reserves;
Vikhovu: capture love to its own language, its beauty and richness of meaning
Lesson progress
Org moment.
Enter the word of the teacher:
Today we will continue our work with you on the topic “Vocabulary. Movi culture."
The Word is one of the most important miracles that we can witness in the world. K. Ushinsky.
Guys, first of all, let’s talk about the topic of today’s lesson, I want to give you a lesson related to literature, do you know who Illya Muromets is? (People's hero of Russian bilins; the hero who stole his Fatherland)
In one of the books about Illya Muromets there are these words: “The word is like an apple: on one side it’s green, on the other there’s blush, and turn it around, damsel...”
How do you understand this sensation?
Think about this sensory proposition. A word that can be seen from different sides, different - “one side is green”, “the other is rosy”. And the firebrand: “Turn it around, little girl,” then. If you know how to use a word, then the word you can express has more than one meaning. Well, you need to correctly understand the words and words in your promo.
We will take this note before the lesson and learn to correctly use the words in our promo.
1 . Warm up. Lexical terminological dictation (It is necessary to define the words with lexical meanings and write them down) with further mutual verification.
A3. Indicate the words in which special expression of language and phraseology.
1. If you already go, then take your class to the theater.
2. Perhaps, out of necessity, people can save money.
3. How can you verify that Shakespeare was a talker?
4. Alina’s scientists died of laughter.
1. Kolya is pleased with the excursion to the local museum. Vin killing two birds with one stone: having come to terms with and having learned a lot of new things about our place
2. It’s okay, children, - grandfather calmed us down, you’ll come with me.
3.Birds fly near the warm edge.
4.The sky is covered with gloom, rain
1.Vitya heard how a small group of fry flew out of the water, scurrying at the pike.
2. The crow cawed for all crow throat.
3.The days have become shorter, the nights have become longer
4. The remaining leaves fall from the trees.
1.And Tanya caught a great ravlik, and a small ravlik was still sitting on the ravlik
2. Fruit trees in our garden plot few.
3. It’s very cold outside. Tooth to tooth without including.
4. Having asked us like the forester’s son to himself.
Goals:
behind-the-light:
- repeated and obscure knowledge on the topic “Lexicology and phraseology” as about the subfield of science about language, as well as the disparate knowledge of lexical and phraseological amendments in the text;
- work from strengthening to understand the lexical and phraseological norms of the Russian language
developing:
- communicative competence of students;
- language, memory, respect, logical thinking, analytical activity of scientists, remembering and coordinating, working with dictionaries;
how to fight:
- movnu culture of students;
- interest in Russian;
- forming an active feature that provides sufficient skills to independently search, select, analyze and source information.
Obladnannya: computer, multimedia projector, phraseological dictionary, presentations. Work materials for students: sewing for classrooms and homework.
Lesson type: combinations
Technologies to learn in class: technology of differentiated science, university technology (lecture) from established computer technology (presentations).
Lesson progress
I. Organizational moment
II. About the topics and purposes of the lesson
Slide 1 The topic of today's lesson: “Lexical and phraseological amendments and their correction.”
Word vikladacha: This lesson is the final one on the topic “Lexicology. Phraseology.” Today we will repeat and highlight your knowledge of these topics, as well as your knowledge of the concepts of lexical and phraseological amendments, the ways of their correction, and also actively work on the culture of your language.
III. Updating knowledge. Repetition of the student on the topic “Lexicology. Phraseology.” Creative collective work:
Repetition of the student on the topic “Lexicology and phraseology”.
1. Words that have similar meanings. ( synonyms). Apply your studies.
2. Words similar to sound, but different in meaning ( passwords). Apply your studies.
3. Words, however, differ from their sounds and spellings, but differ from their meanings ( homonyms). Apply your studies.
4. Words with proliferative meanings ( antonyms) Apply your studies.
Students respond to the questions presented on the screen and point their butts.
Checking your homework
What are the names of the persistent words? ( phraseological units) Apply your studies.
Zavdannya 1. What is the meaning of medical phraseology?
Disease of the heart - hypertrophy of the heart with vada
- Marmur's bliss - sharp bliss of exposure
- Breasts - leuko-like chest, compressed heart
- Parkinson's mask - face without facial expressions for certain illnesses
- Reproof of Hippocrates - in case of severe illness of the organs of the cervix.
- “Sand year old” shunt – this is the shape of the shunt that swells during the scarring process.
- Liver valleys - red-barked liver and fingertips for liver disease
- Stokes's comrade - characterized by a sharp swelling of the head,
- The dark eyes appear as a result of the expansion of the veins in the upper part of the skin.
Students respond to the homework questions presented on the screen and point their butts.
IV. Independent work of students
Differentiations are made on cards for three groups (A, B, C) of students, which are determined by work assignments. Then there is a mutual verification of the order.
Zavdannya 1.U Guess the lexical meanings of the following phraseological units and write them down:
on all windows- A shvidko rewash the brushes- A discuss give by hand- A close neither fish nor meat- A faceless, weak-willed people circle your finger- A fool food for life and death- B on the right is Vinyatkov's self-importance skin and brushes- B thin I want a bloody nose- B obov'yazkovo like a fish by the water- B chanted the whale cried- B too little soma water on jelly- Z distant relative don't sharpen the mosquito's nose- Z nothing to worry about smoking memory- Z bad memory the voice of a howling in the desert– Z duremny, marny call strіlyanyi gorobets- Z the people have already been told
V. Development of new material. Lecture on the use of modern computer technology (presentations). Addendum 1
Vikladach. Guess what the lexical norms of the Russian language are and what the stink is associated with? Types of students.
Lexical norms require the correct choice of words and the meaning of the word according to its lexical meaning. We can find out the meaning of an unknown word from a literal dictionary. To discover foreign dictionaries, and to create dictionaries of foreign words, special terms, and persistent words (phraseologisms). On the notebook table are the dictionaries of V.I. Dahl and S.I. Ozhegov.
(Demonstration of a slide with images of dictionaries). Words that have been identified in dictionaries have special symbols: “rozg.” - rozmovne, "I'm sorry." - Spacious paw (hand)), "region" - dialectne kochet (piven), “outdated.” - old eyes (eyes), and say “bookish.” that "special." Apply students.
The inadequacy of lexical norms leads to lexical amendments, among those mi bachimo:
Lexical changes:
1. The reason for inaccurate use of words is ignorance of the exact meaning of the word, among similar pardons:
a) the adaptation of words to their meaningless meaning: Doctors appeal (explain) their activities to insufficient funding;
b) undifferentiated meaning of a richly meaningful word: Happy children rush to tell their mother this valuable news;
c) indistinct word-homonyms, for example, adjectives and adjectives: occupations (which has filled with itself: the place is occupied) - occupied (consistently with the right: the people are occupied;
d) incorrect synonyms: The time has come to get results(pouches) zustrichi. Wadi(shortcomings) at the training camps the teams showed up at the first training camps.
e) undifferentiated paronyms: extended and extended:
a) put on (what or on whom): put a coat, boots, a hat on your head; antonym to the word to tighten and the word to take off: take off a coat, a fur coat from a child, take a hat off a head;
b) chill (someone): chill the child, chill the sickness; the antonym to new is the word to stretch: to stretch the child (sick);
Undifferentiated passwords pay, pay, pay:
a) the word pay is used in two meanings: - “to give money for something” (to pay for travel) - is used again with the drive; - “vіdshkoduvati shos” (pay the borgs);
b) the word to pay is to live forever without a drive (pay for travel, pay for services, salary);
2. The promotion may also have other lexical changes
1) the abundance of definition - richness, varieties of which:
a) Pleonasm - learned from people close to the word and therefore logical words, most often through ignorance of the meaning of the word. For example: price list(required: price list), autobiography of life(required: autobiography available vacancy(required: Vacancy) etc..
b) Tautology is the repetition of the same word, similar words, between sentences, in order to complicate phrases and make them sound dissonant. For example: The processing process takes many years to complete.
c) Abundant consistency, or universal superhumanity - living words and words that carry significant information. For example: funny words work, activity, entry with receiver By in the following phrases - robot s viconanny(required: Vikonanny), activity from promotion(required: implementation), entry from implementation (requirement: implementation) etc.
2). Destruction of the lexical combination of a word. The lexical usefulness of the word appears in language one after another: to pay a visit, to make a visit, to represent interest. Typical favors: mother's role (requirement: play a role), play a role (requirement: mother's role).
We have identified typical lexical amendments, but ignorance of phraseological units and their inevitable misuse (failure to understand phraseological norms) also leads to pardons:
Slide 13. Typical remarks when using phraseological units:
- replacing a component ( left part zamіst left section);
- unexpectedly shortened or expanded warehouse ( deprive the bazhati of a lot of beauty);
- contamination, or mixing of two revolutions ( along the line of the board zamіst along the path of lifeі to the grave);
- Confusion of grammatical form ( grandma said for two, zamіst grandma said in two);
- use of phraseology that does not correspond to the context ( Among the listeners were students who were not bound by the Russian language, zamіst Among the listeners were students who had poor knowledge of Russian language);
- stylistically inappropriately lived in ( The commander punished the wudkas, zamіst The commander ordered to go).
Zavdannya 2. Add a subordinate to the proposition in place of the paronym. (For all students) (to be added to the code)
Odyagti (who has dressed something on someone) - Odyagti (who has dressed someone); get dressed - get dressed
1.________ the coat is warm, it’s very cold outside. 2. Mati_________
my daughter for the latest fashion. 3. Vin____ tailcoat and black bed. 4. It smells like holy shit. 5. “Vchisya, my little one, __________ myself,” said the mother.
Re-verification of the order.
VI. Independent work of students
Zavdannya 3. (on cards) Find the correct version of the current phraseological units.
Cards (for group A)
1. walk like a water-logged person (prolapsed)
2. rush with your head twisted (wrecked)
3. take the left part (part)
4.raise the curtain (raise)
4. show your eyes (show)
5. sink into summer (summer)
Zavdannya 4.(on cards) Select phraseological antonyms for these expressions.
Cards (for groups B and C)
- leg by leg (hand in hand)
- rolled up sleeves (cream sleeves)
- don't peck smoke
- trimati vuho gostro
- lose heart
- easy on the go
Checks the academic records of all groups of students for mutual verification.
VII Group robot
Zavdannya 5 (to be announced) Read the verses. Its author showed us what happens when people don’t think enough about what to say. Find lexical definitions
When the first light comes in spring,
How I love the herb thunderstorm on the cob of herb,
As if I were playing and playing in the game,
It hums loudly in the blue sky.Cover with ice and freeze the cornice.
I still love it when it’s cold and frosty
Snowflakes in the sky are falling like tears,
The beast lands on the ground from bottom to bottom.I give the greatest credit to the autumn season,
When everything bears fruit,
And mow the hay with a scythe,
And the oil should stand on the table.
Slide 16
Zavdannya 6 (continued) Read and find the “obvious” words.
A song about love words by A. Hight
How to get to the station? -
One passenger said,
What miraculously knows:
- Zagalom, here, so bi moviti,
It's so close
Just hand in hand here.
To put it briefly...
I'll tell you right away
Let me explain in terms of friendship:
You've passed a long time ago.
You need to turn around.
Zavdannya 7. (concludes usno ) Select one of two data from the arms .
Vinny (nevygla - nevyglas) in nutritional literature.
The faculty teaches two (foreign - foreign) languages.
Lermontov is Pushkin’s champion.
To assemble our far-flung birches from the final (savannah - headdress).
The difficult situation with the air attack in Ukraine is starting to get better (better, get better, stabilize).
Vikladach means students who are actively working
VIII Independent work of students:
Zavdannya 8. Rewrite, correcting the meanings of the used words and phraseological units.
1. In the dark day. 2. I must try and take their hands. 3. Nastane period And I will tell you the truth. 4. Qia boast fully deserved by you. 5. People are all shy either through a stump or through a deck. 6. It’s a pity, everyone had a common opinion about him very positive hostility.
Zavdannya 9. Please correct me, give me a comment. (Cards for groups A, B, C).
A. 1. Vin is stronger making his debut have a great role. 2. The boys were drunk at the stinking ring, aloof stench never heard of. 3. The participants of the expedition spoke about prospects for the future. 4. Having creaked the soul We collected the speeches and sent them on the road.
B. 1. Student very scrupulously having twisted the object. 2. At the hour of the inspection road, the prefect of the Pivnichny district checked camp of purity on the streets. 3. At Romani may locality The plot line is clearly expressed. 4. Sir-bor mainly flared up through the name of the Lord to close the stadium.
P. 1. I am preferred in the Moscow region health care. 2. Vovka Bula Taka appeared mittevo, scho mislivets on mity ruined. 3. At the scientific seminar, the author was the main point these books. 4. All banks received information about the rapt change in the share price povniy rozpust.
Checks the records of all three groups through. (Italics indicate proofs for verification officers.)
Task 10. Rewrite and find the benefits associated with the use of phraseological units, correct them
1. Always respect your partner we'll bake him as an enemy. 2. I think about this document placing my paw not just one official. 3. There are a lot of pensioners at once pull the strap. 4. If an audit arises at the enterprise, we can get stuck in the palette. 5. What to give to everyone sisters from earrings, then the distribution of electricity will be unfair. 6. Dekhto gets wet drive a wedge under the heading of Tajikistan and Afghanistan. 7. Meals with fire are easier, just like that throw hats at Yogo It's not possible.
Re-verification of the order. (Italics indicate proofs for verification officers.)
Mini-dictation, which is how to conduct a booklet. "Find and correct lexical rules in speeches"
1. She dedicated twenty fates of her biography to her children.
2. Defeat the inspectors with the best possible appearance, and they won’t show you the same respect.
3. The best seller for the new season was the Katyusha truck.
5. My friend especially respects vertices.
6. I was inspired by a little girl to achieve success
7. During the grass month, the buzok blossoms in Nizhny Novgorod.
8. I saved a box with sheets of won like the apple of my eye.
Reversing the dictation
IX Reflection
Food for reflection:
Why is this lesson for you?
What's new? What did you learn?
Which stage of the lesson will you arrive at?
What was the difficulty?
What was good, and what should we work on?
X. Provided grades by the teacher for the lesson based on the technological map of the lesson.
XI. Home improvement: Pidruchnik T.V. Potomkina "Russian language and language culture" paragraph 7, back 84 on page 141
XIII. List of literature.
The editor is guilty of dividing phraseological innovation and fleeting changes in the stock of phraseological units, creating their meaning through unreasonable persistent expression, inappropriate puns that arise when strong phrases are used, homonyms Other phraseological units. For example, a critic wrote about the new system: It’s possible that there will be some spies who won’t like me... Well, may I rest in peace. Having adopted phraseology without understanding semantics, we have “possessed” our opponents. The speaker is overwhelmed by confusion on the daily Maidan: Three people allocated pennies for ondulin for the sports complex, but the hour has come and they don’t care!(The remaining words are taken above their direct meaning, as a phraseological unit, which means “nothing to say at the testimony”, “nothing to contradict”).
The incomprehensible contamination of phraseological units creates a sense of comedy that makes it appear absurd: He was a grated horobet, and it was not easy to defeat him; From and I lost overboard a broken corite.(The rest of the problem is the implementation of the metaphor).
Especially often, the editor has to deal with concessions when using phraseological units in sports reports. The escalation to phraseology can be stylistically untrue, and one can sometimes tell not about the mastery, but about the author’s hopelessness, about his ignorance of the language. Those who care that it is enough to insert an order into a report, adding or any other phraseology, and the result will become artistic, emotional, and alive, are far from fading. Phraseologism, for its emotional and expressive overtones, may not fit the style of the author’s language. The bookish, almost outdated phraseology of such a sentence appears stylistically inappropriate: In various types of programs, there was a struggle between justice and youth, but there were still more such numbers, where the power ended up in the hands of young athletes. His life gives us an ironic twist, which is not at all justified in place of information. Another example of the same unmotivated mixing of styles when using phraseological units: In sport, as in life, the lucky one is the one who “hastens life, and sensibly hurries” after the great race. The series from the top of P. A. Vyazemsky’s “The First Snow”, known as the epigraph to the first section of “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin, did not put a stamp on the order, its absurdity makes the reader smile cha.
The journalist’s accumulation of phraseological units in this, for example, is not stylistically motivated: The first baby of the European champion, who did not dare to understand the “banana mustang” and did not take the height of the cob. The combination of phraseological units with hot-tempered periphrases, as the author has promised, leads to a keen attraction to the text in figurative ways, and also the stench is given by those who are familiar with a special and book vocabulary, and this stylistic striation of our characters is also creates incomprehensible comedy.
About low-language culture, one can see the creation of a common language form of phraseology without special stylistic design. Write, not fluently with the current norms that have been established: The day is not far off when new creations arise(In this expression the name is fixed to the form of the plural: not far away); To these rich men, let them lie to the foreheads and the slanting fathoms to the shoulders, such a task has become unbearable(and here the seen words were lived in one); Tourists got tired of waiting and killed the worms before(how many worms were there?); To achieve success, you need to work hard(Hands or hands?). The first one does not have the form of the plural of the known term, the other has only the same generic term, since only the form of the generic term of the multiplicity is needed - tirelessly.
It is not possible to avoid the forms of phrases in the stock of phraseological units, otherwise it may reveal the wrong meanings of the words. For example, it’s not surprising to say this: Illya Trokhimovich has crossed the threshold of the factory sports club for twenty years? Phraseologism cross the threshold Vikorist is limited to the meaning of “doing any important thing” and includes a lot of repetition of actions. That’s why it’s so important to live the words in the form in a thorough manner, since replacing it with the form would lead to absurdity.
Sometimes authors fail to correctly supply phraseological units to the speech. It is also possible to fit into the context, to correctly connect with other words. Every now and then there are episodes of disruption of the understanding of phraseology with words that are related to each other. For example: This respect moved the young man to the depths of his soul(yunak will be “to the depths of the soul” of destruction, hostilities, or even disasters); Until the end of the championship - give by hand(You have seen more of the riverside cordons than the spacious ones; here you could write: lost treatment days); From the beginning of the Gordian Vuzol, the bets used to be Kaufman, but they will be accepted(“The Gordian College” cannot be upheld, it can be cut down. How is this phraseology suitable for expressing the author’s thoughts?).
Sometimes they try to force the expression of phraseological units by adding words to them. In any case, the expansion of phraseology is stylistically justified. It’s unlikely that any trace would be put in such a situation, for example: We hope that Volkov will say his great word in coaching work. The author’s style is not embellished by this “technique” from the written word: How often have our graves been at the height of the greatness that stood before them. The incomprehensible comedy of the language gives an expansion to the stock of phraseology in the following phrase: Vaughn started running from her long legs. And in another case, the result of such a pardon for the author was the absurdity of the statement: Choosing music to programs, the skater keeps pace with his time.
No less confusion in style can be created and an unjustifiable narrowing in the stock of phraseological units, there is no motivation to replace words in them. The note about basketball players reads: Those who can root for the success of the team will marvel at all the inconveniences with closed eyes. There are probably two phraseological units confused here: marvel at your fingers and flatten your eyes(On your way). The author of this material is “controversial” with another: No one’s eyes will be flattened by the large shortcomings in the equipment supplied to athletes(Again, the illogicality is due to the fact that the quotations are also phraseological units).
With the use of phraseological units, the following apologies are made that testify to the inadequacy of the authors: This initiative needs to reach the wide street(replacement: green street); Others twist the authors from the filthy known classics: We have been waiting for a long time if our figure skaters will try to reach Europe.(In Pushkin: Cut through the window to Europe.) Moreover, it is unlikely that these words are suitable for meaning for information about sports. It’s even more dangerous to make excuses that give a reason to incorrectly misrepresent the author’s idea. “The athlete has the wisdom that his comrades have given to him, trust the world,”- each commentator, not suspecting that his replica is running into I will find punishment for the world. Having taken over the phraseology of the unnamed people, another unfortunate confession “owns” its heroes: Everyone was singing that, having seen their comrades along these remaining routes, they would soon learn about the new victory of the mountain peaks. A similar amusement, connected with the disputed meaning of phraseology, crept into the following conversation: It was necessary to say goodbye. The participants in the campaign gathered riches to sing their swan song.
Obvious allusions associated with the incorrect use of phraseological units, following the guessing of these occurrences, as in the promotion there are fleeting puns through those who write vikoryst words with their direct meaning, and the reader accepts them. Nannya is a figurative expression of a phraseological nature. Whose understanding is expected to have completely unknown meaning. Often the authors are led to this by the external homonymy of phraseological units and common words. Through it, language can gain clarity, for example: Our group received a geographical map with white spots during the hike. The visible words obviously indicate that the card was with the gate (it showed unproduced places), but they can also be considered as phraseology: white water on the map there are unknown lands.
Thus, phraseology, being a source of figurativeness and versatility of language, can create significant difficulties if it is not placed before the word.
Phraseological norms are the norms of correct use of phraseological units, i.e. stable word formations, in the structure and warehouses of which nothing can be changed, otherwise phraseological units will collapse (div. Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Language, Dictionary of Cree latikh virazіv, prisliv'їv and orders). The following types of phraseological pardons are recognized:
Mixed up(contamination) various phraseological units:
I move like a fish on the ice(SR: fight like a fish + beat like a fish on the ice).
Changing the shape of the drain, what is included in the stock of phraseology:
Don’t hesitate to do anything, just sitclave hands(SR: sit with your hands clasped).
Inserting words to the stock of phraseology:
It's time for you to take upyour roseum(SR: take up your mind).
Nevipravdane shorthand for phraseology(shortage of required water):
The coach has earned a lot of money(SR: get a good deal from a bad game).
Confusion of the lexical warehouse phraseology (replacing words): Without further adofor a long time (SR: without further ado). He keeps juice in his bosom(SR: grab a stone in my bosom).
Not far away context for phraseology by Milka, it is the adaptation of phraseology to the context, which has a double meaning and a comical effect (as it is impossible to replace the context, after replacing the phraseology): The head is sotaking milkmaidalive that milk production has increased immediately(SR: The head turned to the milkmaids with such a penetrating wash that the stench became stronger and the milk yield immediately increased.).
Ignorance of the meaning of phraseology:At the end of the evening, the graduates fell asleepswan song . Phraseologism Swan song It means “before death”, it is necessary: I'll conclude, I'll say goodbye.
The collapse of phraseology can be the result of a sudden change in a number of reasons. For example, the design " I'm calling to notify you again."(SR: add sobi is calling) the word “renewed” is inserted and the form of phraseology is created (instead, a plural is entered).
RIGHT 12. Rewrite, add the word for mercy (viraz), name the look of the mercy, correct. Div. Russian phraseological dictionary.
Although I wouldn’t be afraid, I couldn’t help but get angry. 2. We are trying to destroy the world's best nutrition from a dead point. 3. Our leading workers were awarded certificates of honor, and Petrenko and Mikhailov were stripped of their hats. 4. The more they go into the forest, the more cods will fly. 5. The children killed the worms and had fun. 6. It just doesn’t fit into the usual framework. 7. The minister did not bind anyone to strict limits. 8. Vin, following the call of the geniuses, is trying to turn the waitress into a stranger. 9. Goosebumps appeared on his skin. 10. I love you all as if through my five fingers. 11. I think that the president deserves very serious service. 12. You won’t be shackled by your arms or your legs. 13. However, all cards are zipped up. 14. This food has since become a month of growth for the Communist Party. 15. They all barked at the world while standing. 16. It was so crowded that it was impossible for an apple to grow. 17. On the right, a penny is not worth seeing. 18. Yogo was caught on his word. 19. People have drunk too much, so they don’t let it go to the wind. 20. You can’t put everyone in the world under one brush.
RIGHT 13. Find lexical and phraseological expressions (address), name them (if necessary, comment), correct.
1. We will send you a letter by mail. 2. An application was received from the citizen Smirnova, asking for her release as a night watchman. 3. The first premiere of this ballet took place at Risi’s. 4. Colleagues and robots, a memorable souvenir, an autobiography of life, a majestic machine, folklore, mutually, one’s own self-portrait. 5. One notable feature of this period is the appearance of the first fortified settlements in the rich surrounding areas. 6. Immersed in zeal for the appearance of additional witnesses. 7. A huge intervention has begun. 8. We sell goods at cheap prices. 9. The goal that we have set has been achieved. 10. Last few days there were snowfalls and a lot of snow fell. 11. The deputies praised the importance of the decision, which helped to reduce the number of shortcomings. 12. The artist painted a reproduction of the painting. 13. After the fire, a large forest plot burned down. 14. I want to bow my head in front of you in reverence. 15. This played a major role in my life. 16. To work hard, I can take care of my skin every hour. 17. I respect what those who speak to us will say about the right. 18. The role of books in life is great: they can expand their horizons. 19. Raptovo went to the brigade. 20. The final gates help the author enter into dialogue with the reader. 21. Birch trees stand at the initial shroud. 22. Petro took part in the gathering with the enthusiasm of an inveterate phlegmatic person. 23. Actions people take bananas for action. 24. I recognize the influx on me of reading the books that I read about ten years ago. 25. We can fight this with our resources. 26. Anna Karenina threw herself in front of the train, and she suffered a long and painful sleep. 27. Amulets made from mammoth tusks protect people from the dark forces of evil. 28. Villager buv zamozhny: vin mav swine ta druzhina. 29. Comrade people! Be a man, let your wives walk around the salon! (Stunned on the bus). 30. Sings without exhausting his strength for nothing. 31. Spring has come, the martens will soon begin to decline. 32. The twin brothers stink: speck after speck they are alike. 33. She feels someone else’s grief close to her heart. 34. Comrade athletes, the draw is exciting. If you want, go to your cars. 35. You don’t like to work and you live in a holy way of life.
2. Contribution of figurative meaning to phraseology.
The greatest confusion in the style comes from the unjustification of the imagery of phraseological expression. For example: Gramplativka has not yet said her last word. The context revealed the direct meaning of the words that created the phraseology, and as a result, a pun was created. Incorporating phraseology into its inconsequential, unimaginative meaning gives promo non-verbal comedy: How fate did Aeroflot manage to absorb the flow of passengers on a high level; As we begin to work at the station, which is drifting, our team has not yet felt the ground under our feet. To achieve such benefits, it is necessary to respect the particularity of the context.
The context can reveal the unusual meaning of phraseological units, and also reveal the superfluousness of their metaphorical harmony, as the author unusually “shits” nonsense on the basis of the posture of acknowledgment. For example: These people need to stand on their feet, so you won’t be able to tease them. The first phraseological unit seems to “pin” the image to the ground, and at the same time it is difficult to incorporate another phraseological unit, which is based on a statement about flight: wing support – means “to reduce the ability to fly.” One phraseology includes another.
With the obligatory mind of the correct use of phraseological units, it is necessary to understand the peculiarities of them in the words of the context. Thus, phraseology can be released into the world, but it can only be used in conjunction with other names. Therefore, the proposition of the Musical Theater is stylistically incorrect, having released the ballet “The White Wind of the Self”; At whose end the following was to be written by staging a ballet... or preparing the premiere... The following phrase is stylistically incorrect: Life, like in the valley, took place in public (phraseologism, like in the valley, the words are visible).
When phraseological units are used, there is often a variety of apologies. Thus, a change in the lexical structure of phraseology is accompanied by a change in figurative meaning. For example: Oblomov was an ensign. This poem has the phraseology of the sign of the hour. The substitution of the image that lies at the basis of phraseology completely transforms its place. The acts of mercy, associated with the creation of phraseology and figurative meaning, appear in a wide range of languages: I want a keel on my head (requirement: quiet); Bring to white heat (Want: until white heat) (3, p. 127).
3. Contamination of various phraseological units.
The reason for the incorrect adoption of phraseological units in the language may be contamination, then. mixing elements of various persistent viruses. For example: Mova doesn’t get up to talk about it. In terms of phraseology - the word does not turn and the hand does not rise - the author mixed and substituted the name from the first phraseology, and the word from the other. Similar stylistic considerations are explained by predatory associations.
Contaminatziya Elementiv Riznikh phraseologism can also rob the mowing: Bagato hto, I know about the focus of non -appropriation, to divert on the focus of Pidprimlivikh (correctly: correctly: pryuyuyuyuyuyak, diverse for Krije Paltsi); On the right, the penny you saw is not in your hands (correct: you are not in control of the penny you saw, you are not in control of the eggs you saw).
Contamination of elements of various phraseological units can become the reason for the comical sound of the language: grated gorobets, fried kalach, not all the hangovers for the cat, there is butter in someone else’s banquet (3, p. 128).
Thus, phraseology, being a source of figurativeness and versatility of language, can create significant difficulties if it is not placed before the word. It is necessary to strictly follow the correct use of phraseological units and not allow any confusion.
Illustrations from the first section
Having learned the theoretical material, you can develop the following principles.
First of all, phraseological turns from basic word coincidences. The stench is characterized by creativity, impenetrability of structure, complete significance and stability of the grammatical form of the components.
In another way, phraseological units can be classified under different signs. The main classification is based on the different level of idiomaticity (non-motivation) of components in the stock of phraseological units, on the basis of grammatical similarity, on the similarity of syntactic functions of phraseological units in part, the language with which stench can be replaced, as well as in connection with activities.
Thirdly, there is no singing need for new phraseological vocabulary. Phraseologisms come from both our language and are based on other languages, come from different spheres of life, and are created by different authors.
Fourthly, phraseological units can be stylistically neutral, or they can express a different range of assessments and attitudes of those who speak beforehand, giving the promotion a special flavor.
And, finally, we need to remember that phraseological units, embellishing our language, make us more alive, imaginative, bright, beautiful, and give us trouble. If you live incorrectly, your understandings will come into play: the imagery of meaning will be lost; Often phraseological units are understood literally or their meanings change; new components are added to the structure of phraseology and, however, consolidations are skipped; some words are replaced by others in the data warehouse; laugh a bunch of wrappers for one. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the use of phraseological units in your promotion.
Section II. Features of the use of phraseological units among other snakes
2.1 The change in the stock of phraseology is not stylishly justified
A favorite technique in the texts of modern sermons is increasingly the various transformations of phraseological units, which lead to their incorrect use. In theoretical material we have already learned about possible stylistic changes, and now let’s look at practice, which of them are the most widespread, and which are rarely narrowed down. For this purpose, let’s look at the headlines and articles in the newspapers “Arguments and Facts”, “Freedom Square”, “Izvestia”, “Zavtra”.
1. Is Saddam’s motuz crying for Bush? (Div. Addendum 1 card 1)
The headline of the newspaper article is characterized by an unmotivated expansion of phraseology. This phraseology “Virivka is crying” sounds correct. Who deserves to be promoted to the stratum through promotion. As a result of the popularity of the words “Saddam” and “behind Bush”, concretization emerges and phraseology becomes stagnant even before this article.
2. Tops of dog marriage. (Div. Addendum 1 card 2)
The headline of the newspaper article is characterized by an unmotivated expansion of phraseology. This phraseology “top of the marriage” sounds correct. elite. In connection with the dictionary words for the word “dog” there is a mixture of styles: literary and colloquial. Before that, the essence of phraseology has changed, and now it is no longer relevant to people.
3. I am tired of the familiarity of this word, as if it were scratching the tip of my tongue. (Div. Addendum 1 card 3)
This title requires an unmotivated expansion of phraseology. The phraseological unit “mova” sounds correct, then. If you are ready to say it right away, figure it out. Adding the word “on the tip” gives the phraseological unit more versatility and imagery.
4. And sometimes the game on such feelings tends to bear fruit. (Div. Addendum 1 card 4)
In this newspaper article there is no motivation to expand the use of phraseology. This phraseology “bear fruit” sounds correct. give result. Vine brings out the words “ours”, and it is so clear that they are not strangers.
5. Yosip Kobzon: “Stop hanging all the dogs on me!” (Div. Addendum 1 card 5)
The headline of the newspaper article is characterized by an unmotivated expansion of phraseology. This phraseology “hang dogs” sounds correct. namovlyati, ungrounded zvinuvachuvati u chomus. And the word “everyone” in this case gives a hint of exaggeration.
6. We just grab us by the throat and shake us. (Div. Addendum 1 card 6)
The headline of the newspaper article is characterized by an unmotivated expansion of phraseology. This phraseology “take (brothers) throat” sounds correct. Zmushuvati comes in a singing order. The use of the words “shaking” leads to a literal understanding of the phraseological unit.
7. They are asking us to hang up our clothes. Lokshina on Yeltsin's double. Shvidka lokshina na vukha. (Div. Addendum 1 card 7,8,9)
In these examples there are a number of common mistakes, but the main thing is that they are incredibly shortened by the use of phraseology. This phraseology “hang a lokshina on a vukha” sounds correct. bawdy nonsense, spread nonsense. Reducing the composition of these phraseological units leads to a change in the tone of sound and sense, and the application of “shvidka lokshina na vukha” results in a combination of figurative and literal meaning.
8. One is good, and two are better. (Div. Addendum 1 card 10)
The headline of the newspaper article is characterized by an unmotivated shorthand for the use of phraseology. The order “one head is good, two are better” is given to sound correctly. The reduction of the warehouse leads to the loss of figurative meaning, because The statistics tell us about one- and two-room apartments.
9. Kurchat for autumn. (Div. Addendum 1 card 11)
The headline of the newspaper article is characterized by an unmotivated shorthand for the use of phraseology. This phraseology “the chickens of the spring is respected” sounds correct. the right to judge after completion. Condensed with the use of phraseology, the butt screams an incomprehensible sense.
10. They smoke at the linden tree to smell. (Addendum 1 card 12)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “the chickens of the spring is respected” sounds correct. the right to judge after completion. Changing the component leads to the loss of figurative meaning to the phraseology.
11. One of the GSK is not a warrior. (Div. Addendum 1 card 13)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The name of the mercy seems to be to itself, then. At the butt, the first amount will be spent. The order “one in the field is not a warrior” is given to sound correctly. Replacing the component reveals the urgency of the problem that has been broken in the statistics.
12. The Russians cut through the window near Washington. (Div. Addendum 1 card 14)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “cut through the window to Europe” sounds correct. approach the Zakhod junction. And in our application, it means the Russians’ advance into American politics.
13. NATO is a lamb in sheep's clothing. (Div. Addendum 1 card 15)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “wolves in sheep’s clothing” sounds correct. a person who covers up her filth with a mask of honesty. And in this case, as a result of the creation of the lexical structure, the phraseological unit acquires a protimal exit place.
14. It is good to laugh at someone who rejoices correctly. (Div. Addendum 1 card 16)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. It is correct to sound when saying “it is good to laugh at the one who laughs at the rest.” Replace the component until the figurative value is lost.
15. Do not invest in the fall what can be done in the spring. (Div. Addendum 1 card 17)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. It’s correct to say “don’t invest for tomorrow what you can earn today.” In this case, the constant replacement of components of phraseology evokes a new sense, echoes the relevance of those destroyed in the statistics.
16. Razor rose. (Div. Addendum 1 card 18)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The correct sound of this phraseology is “the apple will be picked up,” which means the cause of the scandal. As a result of replacing the component, the figurative meaning of the phraseological unit is lost.
17. One head is good, and one place is more beautiful. (Div. Addendum 1 card 19)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The order “one head is good, two are better” is given to sound correctly. As a result of replacing the component, the corn cob is wasted.
18. “Vir with your head” - more than once. (Div. Addendum 1 card 20)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “to get out of your head” sounds correct. I always give in to any one activity, activity, or way of living. As a result of replacing the component, the phraseological unit acquires a negative connotation of meaning.
19. The gander is not an actor’s friend. The doorman is not a friend of the military man. (Div. Addendum 1 card 21, 22)
These headings show a distortion of the lexical structure of phraseology. The order “a goose is not a comrade” is given to sound correctly. Through the war of replacing components, new phraseological units can be used in these articles, because They have a great idea.
20. Two sides of one medalist. (Div. Addendum 1 card 23)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “two sides of the same coin” sounds correct. Different diametrically protruding boxes of the same essence are inextricably linked, not inseparable from one another. Through the war of component changes, a new meaning of the unit appears - “the underlying essence of one person.”
21. The contract is cheap for pennies. (Div. Addendum 1 card 24)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The order “treasury agreement for gold” is given to sound correctly. By replacing the word “more expensive” with the word “cheaper,” the phraseological unit acquires the meaning of the opposite word.
22. Language without guests. (Div. Addendum 1 card 25)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The phraseology “language without brushes” sounds correct. I think he's incredibly balakuchi. In connection with the replacement of a component, the phraseological unit acquires a protagonist meaning, because The statistics say that Russian language has begun to attract fewer people.
23. Laznya ruined the fraer. (Div. Addendum 1 card 26)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The order “the greed of the fraer has ruined” sounds correct. Through the replacement of a component, a phraseological unit loses figurative meaning.
24. Take care of the police. (Div. Addendum 1 card 27)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The order “God takes care of the best” sounds correct. In this case, replacing a component reveals the urgency of the problem that has been solved in the statistics.
25. Your soul has burned before the presidents and especially before Putin, you won’t even look up to Putin, but, having seen everything, you yourself hope for the highest assessment of your merits there and count. (Div. Addendum 1 card 28)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The phraseology “to climb (from someone else’s) soul” sounds correct. show a keen interest in the special life of someone. The integrity of the phraseological unit is damaged, and the shade of meaning changes, the phraseological unit becomes less pronounced in the nature of its manifestation.
26. How to take credit by the horns. (Div. Addendum 1 card 29)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The phraseology “take the bull by the horns” sounds correct. bravely and energetically begin with what is most important. And the replacement of a component leads to a transformation of the meaning - “take out the best loan.”
27. Guinea covered herself with an aluminum basin. (Div. Addendum 1 card 30)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “cover yourself with your hips” sounds correct. fail, don't wake up. After replacing a component, there is a frequent loss of figurative value.
28. They chat along the robes and walk through the aquarium. (Div. Addendum 1 card 31)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The order given to sound correctly is to “chat on your clothes, and walk with your mind.” Finally, the word “aquarium” needs clarification, and from the title we can assume what the statistics are about.
29. Bis pea. (Div. Addendum 1 card 32)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “blazen pea” sounds correct. empty joker, laugh." Replacing a component leads to a pun.
30. Lead to a clean burner. (Div. Addendum 1 card 33)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “bring clean water” sounds correct. scream out whose darkness, machinations, evil deaths; reveal shortcomings. When replacing a component, a significant amount of money is often wasted.
31. Tail to the mustache's head. (Div. Addendum 1 card 34)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The order “bread for the good man’s head” sounds correct. Replacing a component leads to a pun.
32. Stage - more for the plinth. (Div. Addendum 1 card 35)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “to fall below the baseboard” sounds correct. lower for your worth. And replacing a component is used to create irony.
33. Small business is expensive. (Div. Addendum 1 card 36)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. The order “small spool, darling” sounds correct. Replace the component until the figurative value is lost.
34. Vozhіnnya on kava Bushi. (Div. Addendum 1 card 37)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “casting in the thick of it” sounds correct. there is no reason to work on anything, lethargy, lethargy. Replacing the component makes the title more clear, and also allows you to understand who this article is about.
35. Like an engine with oil. (Div. Addendum 1 card 38)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “like cheese and butter” sounds correct. those who are satisfied, those who are wealthy and those who are satisfied. Whenever replacing a component, the figurative value is lost.
36. For all the “babanivska”. (Div. Addendum 1 card 39)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. This phraseology “for the whole of Ivanivsk” sounds correct. Almost everything. The component has been replaced in order to reflect the idea of the article in the header.
37. The quieter you lie, the lower you will be. (Div. Addendum 1 card 40)
This title is intended to reflect the lexical structure of phraseology. It’s correct to sound like this when you say “More quietly, you’ll move further.” As a result of replacing the component, the phraseological unit loses figurative meaning.
38. I suspect that law enforcement agencies will accept the mitten thrown by the evildoers. (Div. Addendum 1 card 41)
In cases, there is a change in the stock of phraseology in connection with updated grammatical forms. This phraseology “throw in your mitten” sounds correct. Vyklikati to fight. Such a change leads to the destruction of the grammatical features of the phraseological unit.
39. The local government is not in a hurry to help, otherwise, do not put a club in the wheels. (Div. Addendum 1 card 42)
In this case, there is a change in the stock of phraseology in connection with new grammatical forms. This phraseology “putting chains into wheels” sounds correct. respectfully in any way. Through the addition of the “not” part, the phraseological unit acquires a protagonist exit meaning.
40. Without pulling anyone over your tongue, your prize is “Mova for other purposes.” (Div. Addendum 1 card 43)
In this case, there is a change in the stock of phraseology in connection with new grammatical forms. This phraseology “pull for language” sounds correct. zmushuvati, zmushuvati whomto say, vislovit schos. Through the addition of the “not” part, the phraseological unit acquires a protagonist exit meaning.
41. Wolves in sheep's clothing. (Div. Addendum 1 card 44)
In this case, there is a change in the stock of phraseology in connection with new grammatical forms. This phraseology “wolves in sheep’s clothing” sounds correct. a person who covers up her filth with a mask of honesty. Through changes in grammatical form, a phraseological unit acquires a plural meaning.
42. In the bird flu epidemic, smut is not victory, but failure. (Div. Addendum 1 card 45)
In this case, there is a change in the stock of phraseology in connection with new grammatical forms. The order “firebrand is not victory, but fate” sounds correct. Through the addition of the prefix “not,” the phraseological unit acquires a protagonist exit meaning.
43. She made me happy with Mikola. I don’t care about her images in my soul, although I cut in a few times to prevent the new look. (Div. Addendum 1 card 46)
In this case, there is a change in the stock of phraseology in connection with new grammatical forms. This phraseology “conceals in the soul” sounds correct, then. stop at the dungeon. Through the addition of the “not” part, the phraseological unit acquires a protagonist exit meaning. Also, for the sake of this new context, a comical effect is achieved.
44. Ale chi varto cherry skin? (Div. Addendum 1 card 47)
In this case, there is a change in the stock of phraseology in connection with new grammatical forms. This phraseology “in the beginning of the year” sounds correct. be it on the right, it’s not varta reports zusil. The frequency of the “not” parts leads to the fact that the phraseology loses its meaning.
2.2 Contribution of figurative meaning to phraseology
1. The patient’s stature is shortened – he stretches his legs on his own. (Div. Addendum 2 card 1)
In this case, beware of the figurative meaning of phraseology. The final meaning of the phraseological unit, “death” is used.
2. Tertiy kalach. (Div. Addendum 2 card 2)
In this case, beware of the figurative meaning of phraseology. The figurative meaning is used, “a person who has learned a lot from his life, and who is important to conduct,” is already known, because The article talks about kalach like vipchka.
3. Near the metro, the breeders of severe infections - the homeless - are blooming and smelling. (Div. Addendum 2 card 3)
In this case, beware of the figurative meaning of phraseology. This phraseology means “to shine with happiness,” then. There is a synthesis of literal and figurative meaning.
4. Behind the dog, the dentist looked at the teeth of the gift horse. (Div. Addendum 2 card 4)
In this case, the whole practice is careful not to create a figurative meaning of phraseology, which correctly sounds like “don’t wonder at a gift horse’s teeth,” then. Do not steal gifts and do not criticize them.
2.3 Contamination of various phraseological units
1. Do not put gum into another drawer. (Div. Addendum 3 card 1)
In which case there is a mixture of phraseological units “put another drawer”, then. on non-significances, a troubling hour, and “pull the gum”, that is. Get out of the police department. Expressive measures will be taken for possible contamination.
2. I can’t understand who from the gravts has eaten the cabbage and rolls around like cheese and butter. (Div. Addendum 3 card 2)
In this case, there is a mixture of phraseological units “to get into trouble”, then. behind their mercy and lack of information, they are confronted with an unpleasant and unvisible situation, and “like similitude with butter,” then. those who are satisfied, those who are wealthy and those who are satisfied. Contamination leads to extreme sensitivity, and it loses its effect.
Journalists are aware of the prevalence of stylistic innuendos in the published texts of PHI. In another way, the problem of stylistic compromises is used in connection with the theme of the course work and its main idea, and itself: phraseological units in the modern world of literature rarely fit into their traditional look and often serve as material for such a title. oh movnoi gri. It is very important for you to know where to go between...
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