Capetian Dynasty until the beginning of the Hundred Years' War CAPETIAN DYNASTY
THE COB OF THE HISTORY OF VINE
Philip IV the Fair
Louis X
Isabella
Philip V
Charles IV
No little children
Edward III
Philip VI
Valois

English Volodynia near France

Causes of the war

Stages of the Hundreds of Wars

Joan of Arc

Feed!

Battles of the Hundred War

Battles of the Hundred War

Battles of the Hundred War

Battles of the Hundred War

Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc

The story of Jeannie is another clear example of how Heaven, when it comes to light, can change the course of world history. This has never happened before or since - for the original country girl to ruin the whole country. A 17-river village woman led an army into battle and achieved what previous commanders could not achieve - she achieved victory over the enemy. A decade later, through another great Frenchman, Napoleon, he won many battles with Jeanne, indicating that there was a small, brilliant gift as a commander, and it is important to know a peer.
Did this origin come from an ordinary villager, who first in her life received military aid how many days before the battle?
Zhanna herself explained to them that she senses voices that will please her, how to fix this or that situation. For this reason they brought them to victory again and again. That Jeanne has a small gift of clairvoyance, exactly the same as that later possessed by Nostradamus, Vanga, Abel, Cagliostro...
Briefly, the story of Joan of Arc goes like this. XV Art. The Centenary War. The English occupied large parts of France. The French recognize one humiliating defeat after another, and the morale of the soldiers has weakened. All the hope is in the old legend, for which France may lie behind the young unoccupied.
Before the Dauphin, Charles is a 17-year-old girl and it seems that her bachenya is a sign of the fire that she herself may lead the army from the bay, drive out the death captors and usher Charles to the throne. Karl believes Zhanna and gives her 10,000 troops. Having calmed the army, Jeanne defeats the English at the battle under the walls of Orleans and removes the enemy from the place. The people of France and Charles perceive this as a miracle. Zhanna called off the Virgin of Orleans. Then follows the coronation of Charles at the town of Reimsey, after which he becomes the rightful ruler of France, Charles VII. Zhanna then wins many more battles. In one battle, she completely destroys the Burgundians, the English allies. Charles VII immediately bought Jeanne, but did not sacrifice anything for anyone. The Maid of Orleans is crushed to the paws of the English. The court finds Joan of Arc guilty of heresy and blasphemy, and they burn at the rotten Inquisition in the city of Rouen. The people of France are in shock - no one can understand why the divine Joan, who was under the protection of Heaven, perished as a fundamentally mortal person. Was she really just a witch? Only 25 years after the death of Zhanni, the connection with the chaklunstvo was withdrawn. Pope Calixtus III took the virok. In 1920, Joan of Arc was declared a saint. Why did Zhanna end up dead? Why did the clairvoyant not overcome the mortal danger, why did Heaven allow her to end her life on riches? Who was this girl anyway?

Current history of Joan of Arc

Jeannie’s life’s path will lead to good life, mainly without historical documents and evidence, based on how the past has created a more or less believable portrait of the national heroine of France.
For the record, the truth about Joan of Arc is not yet available to the general public. Because the skin of the Virgin of Orleans was far from documented. Moreover, indifferent people, for various reasons, reported a lot in order to capture the truth. And only with the help of the Guardian Angels was it possible to reaffirm the truth, to remember all the white spots in history and to portray Joan of Arc as she really was.

Ditinstvo Zhanni

Zhanna grew up near the village of Domremi at the gathering of France. She was a reserved child, she loved self-reliance, she teased both the same-year-olds and the grown-ups. Navya, from a powerful mother, couldn’t find a good language.
Zhanna was a sick little girl, a good girl, and she didn’t die much. In the 8-river region, it became a witness to the tragic story - the English, having attacked the village, killed the innocent burghers just in front of the girls. Zhanna experienced a deep shock, she became tired, and suffered a nervous attack.

When the girl came to you, she waved in front of her a man who was shining - the Archangel Michael. She herself told Zhanna that she is counting on her in the great future - she may leave France. Having also added that from today the Heavens will gradually flock with Jeanne and she will receive the gift of clairvoyance.
Initially, fellow villagers took the words of the 8-river girl with distrust, but those who came later showed great hostility towards them. Zhanna began to feel timid about the preparations that inevitably happened. For example, she could name who is having a child, and if she can find out who is thin, identify the cause of any illness, etc.

All over the neighborhood there was a whisper about a girl who had the gift of clairvoyance. A crowd of people from all directions reached out to Zhanni. Everyone wanted to stop the symptoms of nutrition that were tormenting them, and the little clairvoyant helped them with everything. All the merchants deprived her of food, money, and goods. All of Jeannie’s relatives lived comfortably on this donation.
At the 12th Rock, Zhanna sensed an old legend about those who may leave France unoccupied. I thought that the legend had something to say about her. Zhanna decided to earn everything in order to liberate her father’s life from the graveyards. I will immediately lose the unborrowed loan.
(Where did this legend come from? It was based on a transmission made by the great Saint Nicholas the Pleasant in the 4th century. Over the past century, human forgetfulness has transformed this particular prophecy into a nameless legend.)

At 15 years old, the fathers wanted to see Zhanna married. Getting married meant wasting money—something d'Arc could not afford. Vaughn began to repair the opera with great enthusiasm. On the right, the road reached the church court. At the court of the city of Toul, Zhanna portrayed God's master so masterfully that he himself seemed to be laughing at her. The innocence of the future Maid of Orleans was stolen. It's not enough to stick strictly to the legend.

People who came to Jeannie with their own everyday problems, gradually began to appeal to her more often for their gift to help France. Simple people foolishly believed her and waited for the hour when Zhanna would take the necessary decision. And they were ready to follow her to the ends of the earth.

In 1428, Archangel Michael suddenly appeared to Jeanne. Having said that everything, having passed the time, Zhanna must go to the Dauphin Charles and change his date. You will help France and help Charles VII to sit on the royal throne. Heaven will help her. Jeanne wrote a letter to the Dauphin. There were no such leaves. Unfortunately, the stench has not been preserved to this day, so modern historians can hardly guess what happened in them. From these sheets, Jeanne told the Dauphine about the sights that they had told her, about those who were targeting France, and about those that Charles might become king. In addition, in order to defeat Charles, Jeanne made all kinds of transfers that were made in the life of the royal court, and they could be transferred in the near future.

The stinks clustered on the Montero bridge, the village of the Oba river makes its way through the heights of Burgundy and flows into the Seine. The Grand Duke with a small number of vassals stepped forward and ousted the Colonel of the Dauphin Charles, showing themselves that the evil has come to an end and from now on the stinks will be fought against the English. Just like Duke Jean, having bowed his head, he forwarded the Croc of Tannguy Duchâtel, approaching the Dauphin. Persh Nizh wanted to say a word, bringing the halberd down on the Duke’s neck. The blood rushed like a river, screams erupted; Some of the French, having built a sword from another Burgundian, took the Duke to full honor and put him in the Lancs.

It was the 19th of June 1419 and the beginning of the devastation that tore France apart under the influence of the next thirty rocks began. You cannot say that the French kingdom did not suffer misfortunes before the massacre on the Montero Bridge. The armies of the King of England, Henry V, invaded the country; Having defeated the French leaders at Agincourt, the English occupied all of Normandy. King Charles VI of France regularly suffered from the attacks of the summer god; Queen Isabella was aware of her depravity and took pride in calling the Dauphin, her son, an illegitimate. For Jean the Fearless, Burgundy, which became a powerful power that stretched from the Alpine mountains to the Pine Sea, was the year's rival of France, and at the time of its rise the Burgundians ruled the king, queen and Paris.

The Dauphin Charles, of course, had the right to claim and claim the regency as the head of the nation. But he is a weak-willed slobber and a cunning sensualist, like the clique of the Counts of Armagnac, as all the jabs of the proven thugs are small. They plundered the Dauphin's treasury, saving his guards a penny's security, and so filthyly affronted their power that the Parisians themselves drove them out of the place and let the Burgundians in. And it was like that everywhere. When Henry of England laid siege to Rouen, the French were well defended, but after the place was in turmoil, it was unlikely that any of the officials and nobles would be close to the king's party, having decided to take the oath of death - for To the sensible stranger, let him ensure order and leveling ask honestly.

The stranger's cleverness could show France the way to hell. Henry, who started the war, secretly informed Duke Jean of Burgundy about those who were ready to play into the hands of Princess Catherine and Normandy. But after Agincourt, he raised the bar and declared that it was also possible to abolish Anjou and suzerainty over Brittany. At this moment, Tannguy Duchâtel will first appear on stage. At the middle court, the dungeon could not be deprived of the dungeon for long, and the Dauphin, in his conscience, rejected any further information about Henry’s exploits. Duchatel reached Duke Jean with a proposition: if you take up the right to rightfully expel the English, then you will stand on the side of the king for the sake of it.

It was the shepherd who brought the Duke to the town of Montero. The Dauphin Charles and his henchmen the Armaniaks did not even intend to strike hands with the Burgundians and clearly showed this. It is due to the fair nutrition, which, in all likelihood, they were aware of their actions, since John the Fearless was born in the name of Philip twenty-three years ago from the people (who in 1419 was respected by a mature age), which proved its memory in civil and military rights. The truth, most likely, is that Karl is not alive to his own mind, and his lover, the Armanians, were only thinking about how to take revenge for the action of the Parisians against their party, and were not racking their brains over their inheritances.

And the legacy was that Philip called the Burgundians and their cronies at Arras. The subject of discussion was revenge for the Dauphin's hospitality. He praised the order of the world with Henry of England on every mind, so that with united forces we could fight the wicked Charles. With a drooping mind, Henry even raised his price: he wanted, besides Princess Catherine, to recognize him as regent under the godless king and to recognize the decline of the right to the French throne, for which purpose he would oust the Dauphin, whom his mother called a bastard. Burgundy adopted the minds, and their alliance with England was based on the friendship of John, Duke of Bedford and brother Henry, on Philip's sister, Hannah. At the time of the transfer of the crowns of England and France in one hand, the agreement was transferred, including to the special union of the nations of their laws and laws, the formation of national orders from the powerful citizens and the transfer of the sovereign states to the Parisian parliament France values ​​the supreme power of the king.

Having taken advantage of this, the English and Burgundians set about subjugating France. Having succeeded with them, the remains of the latter became the rightful king of France and Paris was under the rule of the Burgundians. The remainder of the opposition muttered more and raised their voices; They no longer acted, they acted no longer, but actions appeared in unruly places, which turned the war into a series of tax operations. Ale vlitku 1422 Henry, nicknamed in France the Conqueror, having become infected with the powerful conquerors' ailment - the second one, which finished him off in a few years. The life of the divine Charles suffered from the same fate, and for many months the people were voted out by the King of England, Henry VI, and the King of France, Henry II.

John Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford, became the regent and protector of both powers, and in this homeland of talented and crazy figures, few could get along with him. Having spent most of his time on the French campaign, losing England to his brother Humphrey of Gloucester, who could not cope with his duties and had quarreled with bishops and nobles, John often had the opportunity to get him out of various beatings.

Alas, headaches from this history flared up in France. Bedford surrendered to Henry V, with whom few could be compared, but managed to save the miracles of Burgundy. Their actions have created hostilities that will encourage France to serve its interests. He reformed the judicial system and put Kansky University to sleep. The French were appointed rulers of the province “in the ear of King Henry”; And the large number of members of the regency is important for the sake of the French. The States General regularly called in to talk about Bedford and its recent burials. In short, it seems that he managed to subjugate a part of France after Henry V conquered. Guy de Boutillie, who commanded the defense of Rouen against Henry V of England, becoming the primate of Paris under Henry II of France.

And yet, the English were accepted by the higher classes of matrimony, and under them the opposition was deprived of it. Bedford pursued a sanctified policy aimed at reconciliation, but those who acted below were neither sanctified nor peaceful. These were the zagarbniks, strangers, “godoni”, that’s how the stench was caused. Arriving at the place, the stinkers took eggs and chickens, milk and cows, and talked to all the women who were caught in the eye. The Burgundians, who spoke in French, were not very rich; And on this low level on the right there were rarely street fights and scandals.

Insanely, this was not the case in the great localities, where the command maintained order, but the Anglo-Burgundian occupation fell heavily on the rural localities, and whose heaviness was favored by the minds in which the war was fought. The English were still firmly entrenched in the occupation of Normandy and there was little need to establish a special view, and Picardy and Champagne, the Duke of Burgundy became the legal overlord and was respected as a fireman. Ale in Mena, Anjou, Ile-de-France, Pivdenny Champagne, the islands' support was repeatedly destroyed, here and there the inhabitants of the town rebelled, the rulers of the surrounding castles, who stood for the Dauphine. And there the English and Burgundians were driven in, the ostensible centers of the opposition, in order to strangle them, and immediately plunder them under the drive that the stinks had begun to react, I will say and clearly - it is unknown.

The Anglo-Burgundians lacked the strength to systematically lose support to the islands. England only began to arrive after two Black Death epidemics, and its population was close to 2 million people; and on the territory of France, about 20 million people languished. Some of them remained until the Burgundians settled for the English, but the numerical superiority of the French was great, and until the hour of Bedford's regency, a significant number of Scots were in the service of the French.

These numbers themselves could not go beyond the permanent roots of France. As soon as England came under the rule of a small number of Normans in relation to the main population, Alexander the Great conquered the entire Conquest with the army, which more than doubled the English contingent, which Bedford instantly rose take revenge from France. There is a need to worship your minds. Throughout the territory today, the Loire and its riverbeds were bridgeheads that were subservient to the French order, which, no matter how wicked, inexorable and inexorable, had little right to declare its legitimacy. As long as France conquered a significant part of the territory and was able to collect armies and collect taxes, until the administrative center was small, the conquest could not be completed. The very presence of the support control center led to the fact that the firemen succeeded in Persia and later in England; The poverty of such a center meant that I could win for Las Navas de Tolosa.

The methods of conducting war in that era played an important role. About a hundred years earlier, the English king Edward replaced the feudal demands for an army with a long-term paid service of professional soldiers and developed a tactical doctrine of the best possible support for such an army. His tactics were based on a casual block of foot-at-arms, armed with lists, swords and battle hawks, moved between wedge-shaped pens of archers hanging forward on the flanks. In this situation, the English were expecting attacks. The intensity of the archers' volley fire shook the face of the crowd; Important figures could not cover the fire zone without great expense. With various variations, this scheme was used in the battles of Cresse, Poitiers, Agincourt and a dozen other battles. Being paid by the Fahians, the English could afford to conduct a trivial campaign. As a rule, they countered attacks, because the enemy’s honor ordered you not to stand at home.

At that time there was no effective remedy against the English “jacket”. Some armor was built to withstand an arrow fired from an English longbow; allowing the shooter to fire with such speed and range that it would leave other hand-held metal weapons far behind; And the archers were so weak that the highly armored men-at-arms were powerless against them. Volodinya long-lived herds had to be started from early youth, otherwise it was unimportant in the region, especially covered with forests, where the inhabitants often extracted their own water from the meadows. A flock of professional soldiers, the stink continued to be heard by those who called for archery. As a result, in the minds of the English army, where it had to fight, it overcame any other European army and was miraculously aware of this fact.

However, there were fewer English archers from now on, as their commanders would have liked; In addition, they were not subject to taxation. The harmati were still too weak to break through the stone masonry, and they were still too bulky to be victorious in the minds of the field. Every fort was taken with a burden, the remaining assaults were very expensive, human costs were high, and human resources were the main shortage of the English army.

Also, the war in France for the regency of Bedford repeated the war of Henry V; There was a long series of deposition, interspersed with battles. The most important of these battles was fought for Verneuil in 1424, where the French were able to gain significant strength under the leadership of the young Duke Jean of Alençon with a large Scottish contingent. The only unit in the classic battle between the English and French troops was that before the attack from behind the English on the English, Alençon saw a shock lead for a forward attack on the English convoy. Bedford having transferred this and having deprived strong corrals of archers to protect the convoy; they scattered a shock corral, gave way to a fierce attack at the line and conquered the French front line. Alençon is full; Bedford reported about 7 thousand killed and captured Frenchmen. If the numbers are not exaggerated, then Verneuil has become as serious a defeat for the French as Agincourt.

In this manner, the old trick was practiced as before. The war was raging, the cordon of lands subjugated by the English was completely, but inexorably, thrusting forward. It’s true that Bedford had to periodically visit Fatherland in order to unravel the bonds that had been lost by his brother. But in 1427 Bedford managed to put his affairs in sufficient order to turn around and take up the administration of France. He placed Earl Thomas of Salisbury in charge of a field army of 5 thousand soldiers, including a number of Burgundian corrals, and ordered him to march on the border of Orleans.

For the war, taxation was a healthier strategic decision. Orleans, having stolen the lead crossing of the Loire, is closest to Paris; This was one of the largest places that was lost in the hands of the Dauphin (Bordeaux was taken by the English), a symbol of his rule. The Loire has little mystical significance in French military history. From later periods it can be seen that at least three times - in 1815, 1871 and 1940, France was surrendered after the gates were allowed to cross the Loire; and later it shows that if the Goths did not manage to cross this cordon at Chalons in the afternoon, and the Moors at Tours in the afternoon, France stood firm.

At that hour, the small part of Orleans was growing on the river's birch tree, sharpened by a jagged wall. Another fort with two strong towers - the turret stood on an island in the middle of the river, connected to the site by a stone bridge and a drawbridge with new fortifications on the flooded birch. Salisbury, who showed himself to be an excellent military leader, realized that the key to the place was the secret entrance and threw his forces there. On the 23rd of last year, after many recent attempts, you managed to take the fortifications and the Turret by storm. In these positions, the main streets of the place were located within the reach of his harmat; Varto note that during this tax operation, the first one, which was carried out with the participation of the artillery, the stinks were used inclusively to reduce the enemy’s manpower.

Near the outer walls on the birch tree, the English ruled six forts, but Salisbury did not raise the army for further withdrawal. The gaps between the fortifications were patrolled by horse corrals, which could cross the line between the Hints and other convoys. The river could not be completely blocked. Salisbury firmly decided to tighten the cover and had already begun his plan, when 3 leaves fell from the harmonic core; Lieutenant William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, became his attacker.

He took part in the battles of Agincourt and Verneuil, became a leader in command of people, and became a nasty diplomat. Ale Suffolk, having dealt with the tax less, below. The river passed without significant changes, and when the dawn of 1429 arrived, the Orleanians, as well as the English in fortified camps, began to perceive a shortage of food.

At this moment, Bedford sends a food convoy from Paris, mainly barley and arable, for Lent, under the protection of a thousand archers and one thousand two hundred Parisian militia. They were commanded by John Fastolfe, who had killed the legend of Shakespeare and Falstaff, a comic character, who was actually a military officer. Even though the Dauphine had learned about the convoy's arrangements, the Count of Clermont had recruited our strong corral of 4 thousand men, destroying it ahead of us. He met with Fastolf near Rouvray on the 12th of February, and discovered a not-so-great Anglo-French battle. Fastolf brought the carts to the stake (perhaps, I felt that the Hussites were so timid in Bohemia), placing archers on the barils with the herring, and spearmen between the carts. The French of Clermont did not break into this with an insignificant defensive move; Zagin recognized poverty, and the rest of the French Polish army became familiar with him.

Obloga Orleans

At the beginning of the 15th century, people personified religion. Everywhere one could see the presence of good angels and evil spirits, which were part of the deepest human misfortunes. The Great Henry the Conqueror very seriously blamed his mother for the fact that she was engaged in witchcraft and was trying to put a curse on the man for the sake of other evil spirits. It is not surprising that Joan of Arc, the daughter of a wealthy villager from the village of Domremi on the border with Lorraine, felt voices that she thought were messages from heaven. It’s no wonder those who believed her.

The voices were dedicated to Saint Michael, Saint Margaret and Saint Catherine; Most often they would bring Zhanna away when she heard the bell ringing for prayer to church. She perpetuated this sacred rite with great dedication and unfailing diligence. This family stood for the Dauphine; Apparently, they once had a chance to hide in the castle, fighting against the marauding Anglo-Burgundian gangs. When news arrived about the taxation of Orleans, the voices spoke more accurately and became more relaxed. They told the girl that she might lose her cabin, because the Lord would use his armor to drive the English out of the invested place and achieve the coronation of the Dauphin in Reims as the rightful overlord of France. At that time, Zhanna was eighteen years old, she was tall, a pretty girl with black hair, not very pretty.

When Zhanna told her father about her confession, they first got angry, then became embarrassed - they would sooner drown, or face the military camp: everyone miraculously knew what this meant for a seventeen-year-old girl. Jeannie's anger and blessings did not lead to anything; and then my uncle took her to Vaucouleurs to de Baudricourt, the local leader of the Dauphinists. Perhaps, at first, with skepticism, we took Jeannie’s words about the divine mission, who called on her to get into the personal possessions and conquer France, which is a sign under the influx of her serious, sticky promos and the fact that the girl I carried out all the Christian woman’s obligations with infinite reverence and generosity. It is clear that all over the country mandrian chantings were spreading, preaching divine permission from the Anglo-Burgundian yoke, and the girl could appear to the orders of heaven. The inhabitants of Vaucouleurs rallied to buy her a horse, and de Baudricourt honored him by escorting Jeanne to Chinon, where at that time the residence of the Dauphin was located.

There Zhanna was overcome with great distrust. The first incident that, having stolen this mistrust, was fucked, when she recognized the king. Zhanna was brought to the hall, where over three hundred people had gathered, and there, among the French courtiers, Karl was modestly dressed. Vaughn went straight to the Dauphin and said:

- May God give you a long life, noble sir.

“I’m not a Volodar,” said Karl.

- In the name of the Lord, sir, you, and no one else, our sovereign. Give me your all to call Orleans and escort you to Reims for the coronation. This is God's will.

Karl became hostile, having killed Zhanna and finally asking her to show a sign. The sign was revealed. Jeanne told the Dauphine about his doubts about the legality of his people, caused by his dissolute mother, and added that his fears were unfounded.

Which was enough for the Dauphin; Having assigned before her a chaplain and an old lyricist, Jean d'Aulnon, under whose leadership she learned the mystique of horseback riding and fighting with a sword. But the banner did not change the rich courtiers and the Archbishop of Chartres Renaud, Primate of France. whether angelic or demonic - it is unknown. For the highest nutritional value, they were brought to Poitiers, where the girl was awarded a doctorate at the local university. personal dogmas were reconstituted by the henchmen of Jeannie d'Arc.

Six years have passed since Jeanne arrived at Chinon and was in a fever of impatience, hoping to quit her mission, because the voices told her that she had a little more fate on her. Charles brought her to Blois, where the French forces were gathering, entrusting her with escorting the great convoy of supplies to Orleans and recognizing as an assistant the young Duke d'Alençon, bought from the Verneuil full, and La Hire Xentraille.

At the camp she was celebrating unforgettable hostility, always dressed in a white coat, riding a great black horse, on which she rode so neatly that the buried cried out, with a white ensign in her hands with embroidered French lilies and the image of Christ. In that era, when new things were passed down by word of mouth and were not consumed in detail, it was natural that the peculiarity of Joan of Arc - the Maiden, as they were now called - began to acquire legends, but there was little reason to understand about them. , while walking with the sword, Vaughn saw the sealed sword, saying that the armor assigned for her would be found in the Church of St. Catherine in Fierbois, in an old screen, and five crosses would be depicted on it. A sword was found, which she herself had been wearing since that hour, when they heard about those how one soldier, wearing Chinonov’s bras, appeared when he was pressed into the crowd at the entrance of Jeannie and her escort into the castle.

“Lord have mercy,” said Zhanna, “how can you talk back when death is behind you?”

Within a year, he fell by the river and drowned.

The soldiers in Blois were convinced that they knew the God-given Virgin, and legends about her spread further and further. Divi’s behavior in her role as commander-in-chief of the army increased her hostility even more. Vaughn gave her sidekicks to carry out the military tasks, not particularly giving in to their plans, but quickly defended the folly, drove out of the camp with blows of the flat side of the sword, and harassed the soldiers to regularly lead service and go to confession; But at strategic meals, she stood her ground inconspicuously. Insanely, under her bud, the moral army of the Middle East was in full swing, and no one showed dissatisfaction: Jeanne gave her warriors a remarkable victory.

The 25th of April left Blois. She wanted to go along the fresh bank of the Loire, declaring that the English would not stick around their “bastiles” - they would fortify the place, not from Bozhansi and Menga, as they would soon become too close to them. The intercessors tried to reach out to the pristine shore, respecting his carelessness. The middle school service of new things - sensitive - did a good job; While Jeanne was lost in Chinon, the English knew everything about her and were excited. No, they didn’t know that God and the angels were straight. Officially the English said about her that she was a witch, chaklun; But it was not less, but more unsafe. Few people at that time were not afraid to get involved with black magic.

Then she came out from the flooded shore and on the outskirts of the place met with Count Jean Dunois, commandant of Orleans, the illegitimate son of the brother of Charles VI. This woman, who had already become famous as one of the most famous warriors in France, immediately fell in love with Jeannie’s charm. And here I got into trouble with the barges, which I can explain more easily, if I wanted to see the story with the sword and the bastard soldier. The food convoy headed straight across the water, and Dunois said that with such a strong wind, it would be impossible for the barges to pass the English forts built along the banks of the river.

“You have mercy,” said Zhanna. “I bring you great help, even if the places and warriors were taken away, for this will help the heavenly king.”

After a few days the wind died down; As night fell, an irregular, cumbersome, unseasonal setting wind began to blow, bringing a storm with a thunderstorm and a torrential downpour. The wind was so strong that the wind barges could pull the river with them, and Orleans was stripped of provisions. Until his death, Dunois could not be forgotten.

The news about the success of the chaklunka did not improve the fighting spirit of the English army. That same night, at the hour of the storm, Jeanne entered Orleans, walked through the crowded streets, went to the main church, where the "Tie Deum" was being read, and turned to her given place, having decided to hold a banquet. The next day, she rose to the storm wall, the stars and the sound of a trumpet repeated the ultimatum that had been sent since the spring to the English, urgently so that the stinks would go home, otherwise they would be targeted for evil and ruin. William Gladsdale, who commanded Tourelle and the fortifications from the desert side, calling it “the tale of the Armagnacs”; Zhanna began to cry and ordered them to get ready for battle.

Although this girl, three years old and over eighteen years old, had already managed to establish moral authority over the army, she had never taken part in the battle. After noon, while Jeanne was sleeping, Dunois forged a fork against the bastion of Saint-Loup, which was located uphill beyond the stream. Having recognized failures; The soldiers began to come out. When Jeanne woke up, awakened by one of her voices, she rode on horseback into the thick of the advancing troops with an ensign in her hands and shouting: “Go boldly against the English!”

The soldiers, whose spirits rose, followed her; Saint-Loup was captured, and most of the garrison was killed, besides a few people who were spared due to Divi. Thomas Dunois, d'Alençon and others believed that they had enough moral and physical strength to undertake a more serious operation, and to do much better, so that Regent Bedford would send the English under control Captivity. Zhanna calmly told them that in five days of obloga. Once again, having launched an attack on the strike and the Turret, the proposal was immediately accepted. Virgo himself, after which the command “forward” was given.

It's the 7th of May. Tsebula was the most eminent on the right, because it was necessary to fight at the additional gatherings on the Mitsna walls. Zhanna climbed to one of these gatherings when an arrow, piercing the skin, wounded her in the collarbone; They brought it up in battle, crying in pain. The wound was bandaged, and Jeanne began to pray with her confessor, when news came that the French were aware of misfortune: Dunois ordered the signal to sound before the entrance.

Zhanna sent the commandant. “For God’s sake,” she said, “you will soon leave the fort, don’t doubt it. If you lose my ensign on the wall, take up the armor again. The fortress will be yours. In the meantime, finish your meals, eat hunger and drink.”

Vaughn was already overcome with shock, and could not bear the ensign, and took the soldier. When the ensign was destroyed in front and the walls were torn apart, the French immediately rushed uphill in gatherings, and from behind, throwing logs over the ruined passages of the bridge, they hit the corrals of the Russian militia. The French stormed the wall, occupied the fortifications and rushed to Tourelles, at which point a harmonic cannonball knocked out the platform from the bottom of Gladsdale. 300 people from the garrison of the fort died, 200 were taken.

The next day is a week away; Having woken up, the Orléans noticed that the English forts on the banks of the river were burning, and the garrisons were standing in front of the battle formations. Dunois was impatient to go out and let him go, but Jeanne saw him saying: “For God’s sake, don’t let him go, according to the Lord.” This idea (even healthy from a tactical point of view - there is no sense of attacking the English army, which has taken a prominent position) took the mountain above others; And instead of the battle, the French conducted a local procession near the walls, offering daily prayers. The tax of Orleans was taken away.

This idea in itself was not great; the entire war unfolded over a series of raids and exterminations. Although the fighting spirit of the English was stolen by the "disciple and accomplice of the devil, called the Maiden, as vikory's lies and incantations", they saved the strong armies of Suffolk, which continued to fight and reassembled Bedford. om, under the command of Fastolf and Lord John. Jeanne stood for those, so that, without losing respect for the offended army, they would collapse to Reims, so that Charles would be crowned king of her mission, otherwise the military leaders would convert her, so that they would immediately need to end with the English armies .

Here the divide between Suffolk the soldier and Suffolk the strategist becomes obvious. Instead, he went back and united with the forces of Fastolfe and Talbot, dividing his small army among the places on the Loire - Jargaud, Mengas, Beaugency. Right away, Zhanna went to Zhargo and on the 12th of March she took the place by storm, the soldiers of whom rushed down the walls out of fear of her wickedness. The Suffolk soldier was good at repairing operations in a street fight, in case of being overwhelmed by the surplus of his army. On the 15th of June, Jeanne and her soldiers took the place from Menzi, and then the place; The next day the stench reached Bozhansi. In this place there were significant forces - the largest of the garrisons of Suffolk, but due to a sudden lack of spirit, because they did not have enough time to prepare a supply of provisions, the English surrendered after three days and taxes.

The news of the surrender reached Talbot the next day, and the advance to Paris began. There is a locality that has been explained by fences and other nuts; In that era, it was not customary to post guards on the flanks, but not far from Pate, an English commander learned that the French were approaching. Instead of listening until the end and continuing to leave, Talbot shouted: “I swear to God and St. George, I am under attack!” - and ordered the archers to leave and flank the fence, and the main force took a position behind them.

Without noticing how close the French had come, they were driven by the impatience of Devi, La Guire and Alençon. Obviously, the offending armies set out on approximately parallel courses, and the French knew even less about the presence of the enemy. The deer began to yelp, and the English archers, who had not yet put down their stakes, began to yelp. Zhanna immediately began to deploy her people with all the fervor that she could give to this maneuver, shouting so that the stinks would not be heard, fussing at the line, but would go to the gate.

The rapid attack with overpowering forces scattered the archers, first the lower stench began to shoot out, and in a swirl of saws and mud beaters, the resentment of Talbot's Burgundian and Picardy soldiers, caught at the colony. The archers, who had guarded the convoys and artillery that had been in the colony, began to repair the supports; and then they shuddered. Fastolf and the English officials showed up immediately to meet with all the French forces, and trying to survive, his people were seized with panic. Later, he was called in fear, and although the call was rightly withdrawn, he was not able to fully accept and lost his name to Shakespearean characters. Talbot was taken into custody; From now on, his army lost less than two-thirds, as it scattered in all directions.

Now there was a real victory. Charles arrived in Reims on the 17th day of his anointing for the kingdom, and Jeanne, having crowned her confession, cried for nothing. Those who were converted by the courtiers will be lost to the active army, since they did not attack Paris in the spring, and in the coming spring they were buried by the Burgundians and sold to the English, and they cruelly condemned them to a bedroom in Rouen, there is little great value in a strategic approach.

The Battle of Pate turned out to be a major one, as it completed the defeat of two English armies. Bedford Mav wiped off his garrisons so as to save Talbot's expenses; And after the battle, place after place without a fight began to pass to the hands of Jeannie and the king: Troyes, Chalons, Soissons, Laon. The English regent was in a hurry to raise a new army, which lasted all summer, until the war destroyed new places, and the panic of the English in France was steadily going downhill, until the docks were thrown off.

What happened was that the right kind of military organization was found that allowed England to bring a much larger country between national collapse. Obviously, on the right there was a strong moral force. The motto “In hoc signo vinces” could be as effective on the battlefield as a sword or harmata. These moral forces brought about a new effect of good governance, with the help of which Bedford ensured England's dominance over ancient France. It is impossible to say that Karl was able to establish the order more beautifully; Everyone was in awe of the recent victories, justice failed, taxes flew in the air. It is impossible to say that one order was English, and the other French, while the administration of Bedford was almost entirely formed from the French. And through the Virgin of Orleans, Charles withdrew his support from the heavenly king - he was the anointed of God, and he repented of him as a giant and a believer.

What was difficult was the method by which the English and Burgundians took control of the conquered land, placing small garrisons in their places. There were now fewer English soldiers than the French, both in populated areas and on the battlefields. In whose sense the fall of Jargo and the rise of Bozhansie are significant. But those that Jeanne managed to bend and direct the moral strength of the French into the mainstream of religious mysticism, it is even more important: she found a way to turn against the English “jackass”, to take the mountain over strategy and the tactics of conquerors.

This method was so simple that no one thought of thinking about it before: Zhanna was determined to attack the “Jack.” It is important that the idleness and lack of preparation for attacks under Patya is explained to the soon-to-be-feared enemies. However, the miraculous possibility of an attack on the English in France is small, since they burned down their forts near Orleans, if the moral values ​​were on their side. But she didn’t do anything, but even the English got into the military order. Having continued the campaign after the coronation of Charles, Joan of Arc rejected new possibilities of attack on the English people, but she also valued the better without timidity.

Here moral force passed into the realm of tactics. D'Alençon at Verneuil, like the rich French commanders, suffered through the licensian traditions. to the commander. It is completely clear what you have In all the battles of the Historic War, the French had little numerical superiority. For the face of justice, it did not play an important role that the French opposed one in a row to the army of several clans of the army, that they were amateurs, but fought with professionals ions. Ale Joan of Arc has little moral authority, which is understandable. about personal honor and allowing her to stagnate tactics and strategy as the situation dictated.

Dunois, La Gure and other military leaders learned their lesson, and this became one of the main reasons why France turned to death. The French stopped attacking the English “hack” and began to attack themselves. So, it was very obvious that a small part of the English fighting spirit was revealed: she was unable to maneuver.

It is possible, and perhaps better yet, that the English recognized their failures. The subordination of France, as it began with Henry V and the continuation of Bedford, could have ended in a kind of subordination of France to England. Henry VI had half French blood flowing in his veins, and it would inevitably become so that the center of the united power would appear for the most part and priority would be given to the interests of France. Of course, we are not at fault with the character of this ugly monarch or any other person. Regardless of everything, it would have gotten out of France just as badly as the result turned out to be in England. If only the lords, the great feudal lords, who would have aspired to rule, would have been French, not English, and the result would have been something like another Norman conquest. It is impossible to worry about those that would lead to such inheritances - there were no such inheritances. Joan of Arc made some jokes about it.

Joan of Arc, Maid of Orleans, national heroine of France, today known to the wider world. In just a few months, this young girl managed to rekindle the history of her land, which stood on the brink of destruction.

Joan of Arc at the hour of the oblogies of Orleans. Sh. Lenepwe. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

In 1428, the English troops stood outside the walls of Orleans, the fall of which allowed them to annex occupied French France, with Guienne and Aquitaine, which they had long controlled, in the present day. The result of the battle was announced in advance until the French residence Dauphine Charles A 17-year-old girl appeared, saying that she was “sent by Heaven to liberate the country from the English war” and asked for military service for the citizens of Orleans. The girl, whose name was Joan of Arc, sang, “What do you do with the orders of the voices?”

On the side of the “Jeanne Maiden,” as she called herself, she had an unfathomable reputation and irresistible loyalty to her mission. And also the legend that circulated in France, that the country could be devastated by the appearance of an immaculate maiden sent by God.

Vaughn denied the Dauphin Charles the right to silence the army. On May 8, 1429, the fate of Zhanna was taken over by the army of Orleans. After the series of victories, Charles was brought to Reims, where French monarchs were traditionally crowned, and France had a legitimate king.

The evil is made known

The maximalism of Jeannie, who demanded the further liberation of the French lands, having entered into a supernatural relationship with the intentions of Karl, who willed the way of negotiations and action. The Virgin of Orleans, having earned her right, began to be respectful. At their own expense, the English and their allies in France tried to get even with this, which ruined all their plans.

Joan of Arc spent a lot of time and slept a lot. Many people respect what they spent as a warlord for the military successes, but in reality this is not entirely true.

Joan of Arc at the coronation of Charles VII. Jean Auguste Dominique Engr, 1854. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

The opponents of the Virgin of Orleans did not need to live as poor as “messengers of God.” That's why she was called to the heresy.

Jeanne spent the entire 23 May 1430 fate, when she drove from the corral to Comp'en, surrounded by the Burgundians, allies of the English. Here the Virgin of Orleans was trivially greeted by raising a place near the place that cut her way to the entrance.

King Charles Jeanne was not helped, after which the Burgundians sold the girl to the English for 10,000 francs.

On the 23rd of 1430, Jeanne was brought to Rouen. English diploma King Henry VI As of 3 June 1431, she was transferred to the jurisdiction of Bishop Beauvais, who was responsible for conducting a trial over her.

Inquisition process of Bishop Cauchon

For the English, it was fundamentally important that the Virgin of Orleans be recognized as guilty of lies by the French clergy themselves, since it would not be enough to destroy the image of the “messenger of God” in the eyes of the French people.

The inquisition process in Rouen has ended Pierre Cauchon, Bishop of Beauvais, entrusted to the person of the Duke of Burgundy

At the meetings at the Royal Chapel of Rouen Castle there were 15 doctors of sacred theology, 4 doctors of canon law, 1 doctor of both rights, 7 bachelors of theology, 11 licentiates of canon law, 4 licentiates of civil law law.

Joan of Arc. Miniature of the other half of the 15th century. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

The bishop placed in front of Zhanna the faceless flocks that would slightly accuse her of heresy.

Cauchon asked her to publicly read the “Our Father” - despite the fact that, according to the Inquisitorial rules, any pardon or sudden hesitation during the hour of reading the prayer could be considered as a confession of “heresy”. Jeanne managed to leave the camp with honor, prompting Cauchon to work within the hour of the conversation - as a spiritual person, the bishop could not see her, and at the same time, according to church laws, he was in danger of preserving everything in the dungeon chute em.

At each court session, both open and closed, they were given dozens of meals, and if careless, the answer could become “vicritts”. Unrespectful of the educated and professionally trained people who stood in front of her, they were not able to make Jeanne happy, and she was desperately trying to get away with it.

12 points of “amendments”

At the meeting on February 28, 70 articles were read, which were based on Zhanni’s own meetings. “She is a rebel, a rebel who overwhelms and destroys the world, a driller before wars, an evilly greedy human blood and stirs up before it spills, completely and without a doubt threw up decency and streamed her article, which accepted without any doubt the criticism and denunciation. Therefore, for many other reasons, disgusting to God and people, the church deanery is a violator of divine and natural laws, a co-operator of the sovereigns and the common people; she allowed and allowed, in the image and gift of God, for them to wander around and admire her, letting them kiss their hands and clothes, cashing in on someone else’s loyalty and human piety; “She is a heretic or at least strongly suspected of heresy,” the preamble reads.

Finish Jeannie with the Cardinal of Winchester (Paul Delaroche, 1824). Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

The court needed to be exposed to lies that resembled Jeannie herself, and it immediately seemed that the theologians would have to admit that the “voices” that she was talking about were not divine, but devilish. Ale Maid of Orleans steadfastly threw out similar calls.

As a result, the courts decided to focus on the articles, where knowledge was not required. Just before we talked about the lack of respect for the authority of the church and about wearing a man’s clothes.

The axis of the 12 main points of Jeannie’s “oman”, confirmed by the Faculty of Theology of the University of Paris:

1) Jeannie's words about the appearances of angels and saints are either clues or resemble devilish spirits.

2) The appearance of an angel who brought the crown to King Charles is a clue and the death of the angelic rank.

3) Zhanna is gullible because she respects the fact that in good fun one can recognize the saints.

4) Zhanna is passionate and self-confident, respectful of what she can prophesy about the future and recognize people she has never known before.

5) Jeanne breaks the divine law by wearing a human robe.

6) She urges to kill the enemies, and insists that it is the will of God to do so.

7) Having deprived her of her home, she broke the covenant about her father’s mischief.

8) My attempt to flow in, having been stripped from the old Beaurevoir, was clearly revealed, leading to self-destruction.

10) The affirmation that the saints should speak French, because the stench is not on the side of the English, is a bluesman's attitude towards the saints and violates the commandment of love for one's neighbor.

11) Vona is an idolater who calls out demons.

12) Vaughn does not dare to submit to the judgment of the Church, especially in meals about revelation.

Monument to the city of Jeannie's passion (1928). Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

"Repeated lies"

On May 24, 1431, Joan of Arc signed a pamphlet about the teachings of heresies. The whole thing was ruined by direct deception - Pierre Cauchon demonstrated that he had already prepared a wealth of money, after which he promised not to waste it, but to translate it into a relationship with the brightest minds. For this, Jeanne signed a papier in which she vowed to join the church and no longer wear human cloth. The girl couldn’t read it, so the priest read the text. As a result, the Virgin of Orleans felt one thing, and signed (or rather, put a cross) on the paper, which said about the “beyond spoken heresy.”

There is a nuance to the fact that Zhanni’s words allowed her to escape the death of a mortal. It was officially announced that she would be condemned until repentance, eternally slain “on the bread of suffering and the waters of sorrow.” Zhanna changed into her wife's cloth, and they were turned to bed.

There is no way to deprive her alive. In order to send her to death, they performed a simple trick - the funeral took her woman’s clothing, depriving her of her human one. On May 28, 1430, the priests who arrived before her in the cell recorded “repeated lies.” Such guilt was inevitably punishable by death.

“Viconaty virok without shedding blood”

Judgment at that hour was spontaneously aroused. The church court, having established that Jeanne “fell into a great deal of mercy”, having handed over the evildoer to the secular authorities, followed this procedure with the prokhannas “to conquer the virtuous without shedding blood.” To sound humane, but in truth it meant auto-da-fe - living room with live bait.

Jeannie d'Arc's bedroom. Leaflet XIX century. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

On May 30, 1431, rumors about the excommunication of Joan of Arc from the church as a religious apostate and heretic and surrender to secular justice were heard on the square of the Old Rinco in Rouen.

That same day Zhanna was wasted. The strategy procedure is described as follows: a paper miter with the inscription “Heretic, apostate, idolater” was placed on Jeannie’s head and she was taken to the rich. “Bishop, I am dying through you. I call you to God’s judgment!” Zhanna shouted and asked for her cross. Kat stretched two intersections of the khmizu. When the fire reached her, she shouted “Jesus!” several times.

The stratum waged oppressive hostility against the inhabitants of Rouen. Most commoners dreamed of maidens.

Rehabilitated posthumously

On the cob of the 1450s, if King Charles VII After Jeanne's accession to the throne, having restored control over a large part of the country, the problem of the Virgin of Orleans again came to the fore. It turned out that the monarch had cast off his crown as an inveterate heretic. The owner did not accept the value, and Karl ordered to collect documents for a repeat process.

Evidence was obtained from participants in the first trial. One of them William Kohl, lister and notary of the Inquisition, declaring that the people who judged Jeanne “died an evil death.” Truth, the low number of participants in the process either appeared or perished due to wondrous circumstances. For example, Jean Estivet, close associate of Cauchon, who did not attract hatred to Zhanni, drowning in the swamp soon after.

Tombstone of Pierre Cauchon. Chapel of St. Mary, Lizio. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Looking at the implementation of Karl’s order, the action was taken to ensure that the process resulted from gross violations of the law. 1455 fate new look, correct with gratitude Tato Calixtus III, who sent three of their representatives to supervise the process

The look will be large-scale: the court was held in Paris, Rouen and Orleans, and more than 100 certificates were received.

7 days ago 1456 years old verdict, saying that every point of guilt against Zhanni is simple according to the evidence. The Virgin of Orleans was completely vindicated, as a sign of which one copy of the accused was publicly opened.

Holy is that "pig"

About 500 years later, the church respected that the national heroine of France was of great importance. U 1909 Tato Pius X having declared Joan blessed, and on May 16, 1920, Pope Benedict XV canonized her. Today, a statue of Saint Joan is found in most Catholic churches in France.

Before her trial, Bishop Pierre Cauchon, the Frenchman who begins the story about the story of the trial of Jeanne, does not bother to clarify that this person truly lived up to her nickname. Cochon means “pig” in French.

Yuna is French Joan of Arc managed to turn the tide of the 100-River War, and led the French army under her ensign to victory. I was able to earn those who respected the many proven commanders of France for the impossible - they would win over the English.

Short biography of Joan of Arc

The official date of the people of Jeannie d'Arc is honored 6 sichnya 1412 roku(2 more dates – 6th century 1408 and 1409). She was born in the French village of Domremi to a family of possible villagers.

Voice of Archangel Michael

When Joan of Arc was crowned 13 rocks, behind her words, she felt the voice of Archangel Michael, who told her about the great mission: Jeanne is small enough to break the siege of Orleans by the English and win the battle.

Laid back girl

The bachennya were repeated, and at 16 rocks The girl killed up to one of the captains of the French army. Robert de Baudricourt. She spoke about her army and asked her people to be transferred under command to the court of the Dauphin (the descendant of Charles VI).

The perseverance of Jeannie d'Arc took the mountain over the captain's misfortunes, and gave her people as a guide to the king, and also provided human clothing, so that “the soldiers would not be kidnapped.”

Zustrich iz king

14 bereznya 1429 roku Jeanne arrived at the residence of the Dauphin Charles - the castle Chinon. She voiced her voice that she was sent by Heaven to liberate the land from the English war and asked for troops in order to take the cover of Orleans.

France believed that the young woman was unoccupied, sent by God, and that with the help of the army I would be able to overcome the war

The girl impressed the courtiers of the same king riding and mysticism I'll pick up the vodka. There was such hostility that she was recruited not in the village family, but “in special schools.”

Zhanna - chief commander

After the matrons confirmed Jeannie’s value and other numerical verifications were carried out, Karl praised the decision become a commander-in-chief with their troops and lead them to Orleans.

They prepared a meal for the girl and delivered it to her place. Charlemagne's sword, which is preserved in the church of Sainte-Catherine-de-F'erbois. Then she went straight to the place of Blois, designated as a rendezvous point for the army, and then marched with the army to Orleans.

"Orleans' Maiden"

The news about the fact that the army was emboldened by the messenger of God caused a tremendous moral uplift in the military. Having lost hope, the commanders and soldiers, who were tired of endless defeats, took a breath and goodness has been gained again.

29 April 1429 Joan of Arc enters Orleans from a small enclosure. On the 4th of May, the army achieved its first victory by taking the bastion Saint-Loup. Victories came one after another, and already on the 8th of May the English began to remove the regime from its place.

In such a manner, honor, as other French military leaders respected the unborn, Joan of Arc for so many days. After the victory near Orleans, Jeanne was nicknamed “The Virgin of Orleans.” Day 8 The grass of the Donina is known shortly in Orleans as the firebrand of the holy place.

For help, Zhanni decided to grab another handful of important forts. The French army fought one place at a time.

Damn that bedroom

In the spring 1430 roku After the influx of military operations through the indifference of Charles VII and the palace intrigues, Joan of Arc again led the army, with the ensign in front. Vona rushed to help the besieged place Comp'enyu Ale was thrown into the pasture - in the place there was a rise in the place, and she could no longer get out of there.

The Burgundians sold it to the English for 10 thousand gold levries. In 1431, in Rouen, a trial was held over her, condemning her as a heretic to the bedroom. Virok gaining decency 30 May 1431 Roku– Joan of Arc was burned with live bait on the square of Old Rinku.

Rehabilitation and canonization

At the end of the Centenary War, Charles VII ordered the investigation of the legality of the trial of the young heroine. It was established that the English court was innocent of gross damage.

Joan of Arc was rehabilitated vlitku 1456 roku, and after 548 years - 1920 roku They were canonized (canonized) by the Catholic Church.