The 19th century in the gallery of culture rightfully respected the centuries of the novel. Roman Buv for the illumination of the version of the Suspіlstva by the same, which at the same time is the series. I rose, and vchennyam. At Gorky’s prize “To love a book is a treasure of knowledge!” legs grow from the tієї epoch itself, if the novelist did not only roam the public with a plot, but at the same time he added a lot of brown ones. Victor Hugo, let us be the butt of someone.
So there Victor Hugo! Chi is not alone! The 19th century is the century of glory for the French novel. The very same literature in France has become a source of decent income for wealthy, highly educated, writers and journalists. In times of virus, there are many calm literature, quiet, who could read and otrimuvav in the sight of his satisfaction. For what next to say thank you to the system of state enlightenment and industrial revolution. "Virobnitstvo" of novels tezh has become a kind of galuzzy of craftsmanship, which vibrates rozva. But not only. Literature and journalism shaped national awareness and the French language itself.
And now you are talking about the language and about the style, the main successes in this area have been made Gustave Flaubert (1821 - 1880). Yogo is sometimes called the creator of the modern novel.
"Flaubert's Normandy's voice" is remembered by everyone, who, having heard and fell in love, appeared in 1975 on D. Tukhmanov's disc "According to my memory". It's true, it's true, Gustave Flaubert's vus was rich. And so, buv vin a native of Normandy.
Gustave Flaubert was born in the "capital" of Normandy, Rouen. Yogo father was the head doctor of the medical clinic. Studying at the Royal College of Rouen made the boy fall in love with history and literature. Moreover, not only French. Gustave read Cervantes and Shakespeare. Right there, in the college, I added a true friend for all my life, the future poet L. Buie.
At once from Paris to Rouen - two years away. At the beginning of the 19th century, it was not too far away, so Gustave Flaubert returned to continue his studies in Paris. At the Sorbonne, I won the law. After the three fates of learning the wines, I did not see the spirits and say goodbye to the thought of a lawyer's career. Then, on fire, I became a writer.
In 1846, the father died. Since the new family had lost enough camp, so that Gustave could turn into a Croisset not far from Rouen, as if their family lay. Here Vin is alive, pissing about his matir and occupied himself with literature. Stars of wine, traplelos, vyjzhdzhav to Paris, de zustrіchavsya with famous colleagues E. Zola, G. Maupassant, Goncourt brothers and I.S. Turgenev. Before the speech, the Russian writer pressed on all the rehabilitated French writers with an unabashed infusion. And I didn’t need to translate it for reference. Turgenev speaks excellent French.
Flaubert's life is no less rich in podia. I want to be in a new and expensive way. For example, in recently becoming a French colony of Tunis and on the Near Expedition. Ale, all the same, having locked himself in the provinces and, moreover, turned his attention to literature. Above him did not hang the need to constantly earn a living by writing. That's why you can feel the skin phrase in the jokes of the “right word” (“mot juste”) for a moment. In the already written song from the disc “According to my memory”, written after the verse by M. Voloshin, the Goncoury brothers were called “chasers”. Maybe, it would be better if it came to the great perfectionist Flaubert. Shorter seeming, G. Flaubert became famous as a prominent stylist.
For all his creative life, Flaubert published five books. Yogo's first novel "Pani Bovary" ("Madame Bovary") was published in 1857. The novel ended with a scandal, which turned up to the new dodatkovu respect.
The main theme of this creation is the conflict between invented lives and real lives. The heroine of the novel is a heroic specialty. More than that, the unforgettable M.S. A cross-border woman from a small place not far from Rouen (so be the province of the province) in search of good fortune and "high" (in її rozumіnni) love stained glass pennies of her man and vreshti-resht ending the life of self-destruction. When you get out, rub with a mish'yak. Who knows - not the most aesthetic way to call rahunki from life. Long and sickly in the world, black vomit ... I carefully described everything G. Flaubert. That blaze of Flaubert's tv called out a furore with its realism. Before that, a French writer is so desirable without describing in every detail how the heroine of a novel is fucked in a carriage circling around the place. Ah, the morality of the French nation was terribly traumatized! The author and the editor of the journal, in which the novel was published, was dragged to court for the image of suspenseful morality
Sudovy protses writer і journalists buv vygrany. In 1857, the novel "Madame Bovary" was written as a full book. To be honest, no cuts. And critics stuck a label to G. Flaubert: realist. At the same time, the realism of the French writer can be little compared to critical realism, Flourished in pre-revolutionary Russia, and even more so, to socialist realism, like the fates of the seventy-sixty students of philology in the Radyansk Union.
Another book by G. Flaubert came through five years later. Tse buv is a historical novel "Salambo" ("Salammbô"). Dia was born in Carthage after the First Punic War. Tobto, back before our time. Exotic, however. The writer's opinion about the trip to Tunis appeared. Carthage knew herself in these parts. Before speech, the novel is filled with great reading material. There is a lot of eroticism in the new one, for that hour it was possible to take in and pornography tezh.
The third novel, "Vyhovannya pochuttіv" ("L" éducation sentimentale ") viyshov in 1859. young people, I live in the hardship of the devilish French revolution. Yunak swiveled in the heart of a romantic, but stumbled upon real life. Honestly, apparently, it is a manifestation that is seen by the skin generations of young people in whatever, no less revolutionary, hour. So the novel can be given to the rich lads of the 1990s. (Tezh burkhlivy hour bulo in current history Russia) And so, in this history there is a sexual birthmark - the love of a young man and a mature woman, rokiv fifteen years older.
In 1874, a book was published, like Flaubert writing for twenty years, “The Spokus of St. Anthony” (“La Tentation de Saint-Antoine”). Flaubert does not describe the feat of the saint in such a way, but rather broadly and generously, in a Brueghelian way, describing all beings and conceivable heresies, religions, philosophies and sins. It’s not boring to write about sins, it’s not boring to read.
Read all pereakhovana romani dosі tsikavo. Flaubert is not a boring writer. Chi not Emil Zola, who fired the firebox of his creative work, put it on the full-length book series “Rougon-Makkari” (21 “virobnichesky” novels are not hot!). For the theme of the wines, closer to Maupassant, the books of such an hour in my childhood were not seen by schoolchildren in the library. The difference lies only in the fact that Flaubert, having written one novel on the topic, wrote a dozen about yak Maupassant small excuses. So if you don't read Flaubert, you might be able to fill in that clearing. At least, there will be no Skoda stained at the same time. І translate it into Russian language is good, give the impression of mastery of the great stylist.
It is important to tell about the same life, as G. Flaubert is alive in the rest of his life. No goodies, no love ties. True, let's guess what a new love had with his mother Guy de Maupassant. Death on the cob podbiratisya to friends and relatives, in 1869, a friend died yogo friend sings Buyye. Under the hour of the Franco-Prussian war, the Croisset was paid for by the Germans. Criticism before this novel was raised with a kind of suspicion. Unacceptable people called out plots, and language of novels. So the commercial success of seeing Flaubert's novels did not bring. That money earned more and more pennies, but the income did not increase.
Flaubert died at his mother Croisset on May 8, 1880. Yogo poured into the development of the French novel for that hour, without recounting anyone. And the relics of French literature in the 19th century were illustrative for all writers of the enlightened spirit, we can say without further ado: the work of Gustave Flaubert was injected into all the world's literature. That number is in Russian. So anyway, Leo Tolstoy wrote with an eye on the French. And "Anna Karenina" - in a deaky sensi Russian version of the history of Pan Bovary, the filthy woman yak chased the so-called "love".
Injecting French literature into the literature of Radiansk is even more strongly and not beneficial. On the right, in the fact that the Union of Radian Writers was created by people, for such Flaubert, Maupassant, Zola were stars of the first magnitude. And, having begun to swear by the Union, the stink willy-nilly shove the viruyuschie literature of the Radianian 1920s into the already tired and tedious frame of realism, beaten by the great French novelists. With whom the realism of the stench was not understood in the same way, like the great French. To that frame qiu sounded exactly, wrapped in red tarpaulin and called socialist realism. And the oskіlki kerіvnitstvo Union was united, and the year came from one hand, practically none of the writers, like they voted themselves radyansky, repairing the opіr vice did not zmіg. Greater talents sang, as they could, epics about modern life, encrusting them in the world of their talent and nonconformism with pearls and diamonds. The untalented also sought out the sing-song successes in the works for the great ones. They were seen in mass circulation, but it was easy to read the brew. Masochists can honor Babaevskiy, and self-tipped pliers - M. Bubenov. Already in the 1970s, deyakі z radipisu instilled into life those who talked about A. Dyuma-dad a hundred years before. The majestic "opupei" on the kshtalt of the "Eternal Call" was scribbled by "literary slaves". And yet, the bagatonic national radyanskaya literature was being created - okremy crying.
Vtim, Gustave Flaubert is not guilty of “pass over on the pans” of antrohi.
French writer, who is often called the creator of the modern novel. Born on December 12, 1821 in Rouen, de Yogo father was the head doctor of one of the medical doctors. From 1823 to 1840, Rick Flaubert started at the Royal College of Rouen, where he did not achieve much success, but showed an interest in history and great love for literature. I read not only the romantics fashionable at that time, but also Cervantes and Shakespeare. At school, I got to know the future poet L. Buje (1822-1869), who became his true friend for life.
In 1840 Flaubert's roci were sent to Paris to win the right. Having worked for three years, he did not fold his mind and sleep, then he worked with the writer and journalist M. Du Camp (1822-1894), which became his companion on the road. In 1843, Flaubert's rots were shown to be similar to epilepsy, nerve ailment, and even punishments for a poor way of life.
After the death of the father in 1846, he turned into a maetok Croisset near Rouen, talking about the matir and taking up important literature. Luckily, vin mav stats, yak helped yoga because of the need to earn a living with a pen or in other ways. So the very vin zmіg zdіysniti his mrіyu about the road and dedicate a lot of fate writing one single novel. Vіn having perfected his style with borderline respect, having no more professional conversations with the Goncourt brothers, I. Ten, E. Zola, G. Maupassant and I. S. Turgenevim. Navit yogo glorifications of a love story of engagements with the poet Luisa Kolya, and in their great listing, literary problems were the main theme.
Flaubert sways on the works of F. Chateaubriand and V. Hugo and gravitates to a romantic way of depicting. All one's life has been tried to strangle the lyrical-romantic cob in oneself for the sake of the most objective image of everyday reality. Having started writing early, he unfailingly saw in himself the conflict between the set method and the strength of his nature. The first of his published novels was Pan Bovary (1857).
The great work of literature, "Pan Bovary" marked a turning point in the development of the contemporary novel. Flaubert practiced skin speech in jokes about the famous "correct word". Interest in the form of the novel, successful implementation in the unique structure of "Pan Bovary", having succumbed to the advancing writers, they set themselves up for the creation of new forms and technical devices - G. James, J. Conrad, J. Joyce, M. Proust and Bagatioh others.
In 1862, Flaubert's historical novel "Salambo" appeared; then Flaubert, having become forced to work on his long-thought-out favorite with his work, the novel Bouvard and Pecouche, but did not manage to finish yoga; from the transfer of two volumes of Flaubert, having written only one, and that one cannot complete the other works of Flaubert. The end of Flaubert's life was summary: he suffered from an important nervous illness, he was gloomy and drastic, breaking his blues with his best friend, Maxim Dyukanov; mother yogo died material camp yogo pogrіshivsya, to that scho I will become a part of my guilt, having sacrificed to my relatives. Flaubert did not recognize full self-reliance in old age, zavdyaks to the lower turbots of his niece, Ms. Commanville, and also friendship with George Sand; delivering great vtihu to you also Guy de Maupassant, the son of one of the girlfriends of the childishness; Flaubert dbav about the development of this young talent and for the new suvorim and respected teacher. The ailment and important literary work soon exposed Flaubert's strength; Vіn died vіd apoplexy. In 1890, a monument was erected in Rouen, by the work of the sculptor Chapu.
Rocky life: from 12/12/1821 to 05/08/1880
Famous French novelist, head of the realistic school in France.
Flaubert was born in Rouen, in the Pivnichno-Norman region of France. Vіn was another son in the homeland of Flaubert, his father, a surgeon, and mother Annie Justine Caroline Flaubert. Started writing in early age, Earlier than eight rokiv, as if seen from deyaky dzherel.
Flaubert studied in his native place at the Royal College of Rouen (1823-1840) and did not leave yoga until 1840, when he went to study as a lawyer in Paris. Having worked for three years, I didn’t sleep in my mind, and then I partnered with the writer and journalist M.Du Kan, who became his companion on the road. Until the end of 1840 Flaubert rose in price in the Pyrenees and Corsica.
In 1843, Flaubert was diagnosed with an illness similar to epilepsy, and a poor way of life. The ailment caused Flaubert not to complete the course, but to recover on the way. In 1845, the rotation of wines traveled to Italy. Together with his friend, Flaubert went up in price in Brittany in 1846.
After the death of the father in 1846, he turned into a Croisset under Rouen, talking about the matir and taking up important literature. Flaubert lived until the end of his days at his native house on the Senny birch.
In the spring of 1849, Flaubert finished the first version of the novel The Speech of St. Anthony. At the same time, the rozі vіn ob'їzdiv Єgipet, Syria, Palestine, Greece.
In 1850, after the turn, the writer began to work on the novel Pan Bovary. The novel, which was written for five years, was instructed in "Ruve de Paris" ("To the Paris Journal") in 1856. The order was right against the witness and against the author for calling in immorality, but both were true. The novel "Pan Bovary", which appeared in book form, sounded even warmer.
Beginning in 1850, Flaubert was alive in Croisset; Vin saw Carthage in 1858 in search of prototypes and applications for his novel "Salambo". The novel was completed in 1862, after the river work.
Founded on the basis of childishness, Flaubert's advancing robot "Changing the Pochuttiv", took up this fate of nonchalant work. "Vihovannya pochuttiv", the last ending of the novel, published in 1869 roci.
Vikonuyuchi svіy gromadyansky obov'yazok, pіd h franco-Prussian war 1870-1871 Flaubert served in the army in the rank of lieutenant and was rewarded with the Order of the Honorary Legion. 1870 rik bov important. The Parisian soldiers paid for Flaubert's booth for the hour of Viyny in 1870, and in 1872 yoga mother died. After the death of his mother, the writer faced financial difficulties.
Flaubert wrote a drama, The Candidate, and published a revised version of The Speech of Saint Anthony, part of which was published in 1857. Vіn added a great part of his time with a new project, "Two woodlice", which later became known as "Buvard and Pécuchet", and decided in the first place, only for the writing of "Three stories" in 1877. This book included three legends: "A Simple Soul", "The Legend of St. Julian the Hospitable" and "Irodiad". After the publications of their confession, vin dedicating the surplus of their lives unfinished work"Bouvard and Pécuchet", which was published posthumously in 1881.
Flaubert is ill for the greater part of his life. His health deteriorated, and he died at the Croisset due to a stroke in 1880 at the age of 58 years. Flaubert was buried in a family business, in a storehouse in Rouen.
Flaubert, having read the novel "Saint Anthony's Speech" aloud to his friends for several days, not allowing them to chime in and talk like a thought. At the end of the reading, the stench told you to throw the manuscript at the fire, shouting, to get angry at everyday life, And not on fantastic objects.
Flaubert was fond of writing sheets, as selected in various publications.
Flaubert was a non-committal practitioner and often, in the sheets to friends, swearing at the stresses of the graph. Vin was close to his niece, Caroline Commonville, was friendly and listing with Gerzhi Sand. Seeing famous Parisian acquaintances, including Emil Zola, Ivan Turgenev, Edmond and Julia Goncot.
The pismennik is by no means friendly. From 1846 to 1854, there was a new boule of stoks with the poet Louise Colette, which can be called the only serious stoks. Step by step, pursuing interest one to one, Gustave and Louise parted ways.
Flaubert, Gustave(Flaubert, Gustav) (1821-1880), French writer, who is often called the creator of the modern novel. Born on December 12, 1821 in Rouen, de Yogo father was the head doctor of one of the medical doctors. From 1823 to 1840, Flaubert began studying at the Royal College of Rouen, where he did not achieve much success, but showed an interest in history and great love for literature. I read not only the romantics fashionable at that time, but also Cervantes and Shakespeare. At school, I got to know the future poet L. Buje (1822-1869), who became his true friend for life.
In 1840 Flaubert was sent back to Paris for the first time. Having worked for three years, he did not fold his mind and sleep, then he worked with the writer and journalist M.Du Kan (1822-1894), which became his companion on the road. In 1843, Flaubert was diagnosed with an illness similar to epilepsy, and a poor way of life. After the death of the father in 1846, he turned into a Croisset under Rouen, talking about the matir and taking up important literature. Luckily, vin mav stats, yak helped yoga because of the need to earn a living with a pen or in other ways. So the very vin zmіg zdіysniti his mrіyu about the road and dedicate a lot of fate writing one single novel. Vіn having perfected his style with borderline respect, having no more professional conversations with the Goncourt brothers, I. Ten, E. Zola, G. Maupassant and I. S. Turgenev. Navit yogo glorifications of a love story of engagements with the poet Luisa Kolya, and in their great listing, literary problems were the main theme.
Flaubert sways on the works of F.Chateaubriand and V.Hugo and stretches to the romantic way of depiction. All one's life has been tried to strangle the lyrical-romantic cob in oneself for the sake of the most objective image of everyday reality. Having started writing early, he unfailingly saw in himself the conflict between the set method and the strength of his nature. The first of his published novels - Mrs. Bovary (Madame Bovary, 1857.
Great work of literature, Mrs. Bovary marked a turning point in the development of the contemporary novel. Flaubert practiced over skin speeches in jokes of the famous “correct word” (“mot juste”. Yogo interest to form a novel, successfully implemented in a unique structure Mrs. Bovary Having succumbed to the advancing writers, they set themselves up for the creation of new forms and technical devices - G. James, J. Conrad, J. Joyce, M. Proust and others.
main topic Mrs. Bovary becoming an odvіchny conflict between illusion and reality, between life invented and right. For raskrittya tsієї those Flaubert vikoristav not heroic poriv noble specialty, and zhalugіdnі prії prії peresії wombwomen. Flaubert gave his narrow-minded characters a substantive-universal meaning. Mrs. Bovary It was first published in the Revue de Paris magazine in 1856, however, despite the fact that M.Du Kahn and M.Pisha had made serious corrections and abbreviations, the author and editors of the magazine were dragged to court for the image of suspile morality. After a sensational court review - one of the most famous literary battles in the legal field - Flaubert was true, and in 1857 a novel written by a viyshov with a full book without any cuts.
Another Flaubert novel Salambo (Salammbo, 1862), as a result of a trip to Africa in 1858, as well as serious historical and archaeological studies. It is obvious that the author's pragnennya is moving in everyday life, having created an epic canvas on those gray old times. It took place in Carthage after the 1st Punic War, if the recruits under the wire of Mato rebelled against the Carthaginians, cherishing Hamilcar.
At the third novel, vihovannya sensitiv (L "education sentimentale, 1859; Russian translation 1870 under the title Sentimental wiggle), Flaubert writes the history of his generation, confused by romanticism and generous obіtsyankami theorists of a humane suspіlny order, however, he was forced to descend to earth after the catastrophe of 1848 and the collapse of idealism. vihovannya sensitiv is a faceless portrait of the spent generation.
Rozpochat back before Mrs. Bovary i, for the joy of Buiye and Du Cana, vіdkladene y Spocus of Saint Anthony (La Tentation de Saint-Antoine, 1874) goitre to his vindication of the painting by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, like Flaubert having visited Genoa in 1845. heresy, religion and philosophy.
three stories (Trois Contes, 1877) include plots of two types - deliberately transverse and barvisto-historical. A short and strong essay about the life of a female servant ( simple heart – Un Coeur simple) The whole thing is made up of lances of expenses, as if they were deprived of it until the end of life, only with the papuda’s disgrace, to the extent that one gets attached to such a world that one uninformedly begins to be put up to a new level before the Holy Spirit. V Legends about St. Julian the Hospitable (La Legende de Saint-Jullien l "Hospitalier) The middle-aged righteous, repenting of the sins of youth, succumbs to the rest of the great trial: leprosy is averted to the new s about kisses. Vykonavshi yogo bazhannya, Julian opinyaetsya vіch-vіch s Іsus, yogo ascended to heaven. Irodiad (Herodias) Opovіdaє about Solomiyu, scho waving the head of John the Baptist.
Vіsіm the rest of the fates of life Flaubert in the wake of his beloved child - the novel Bouvard and Pécuchet (Bouvard et Pecuchet, 1881; Russian translation of 1881), which is unfinished. In the history of two other servants, as if they had consecrated their allowance and a small profit of the cultivation of all the galleys of human knowledge, the main target is madness and the inexorable foolishness of the human race. Flaubert frowns at the satisfaction of classifying all examples of this kind, embarrassing his heroes to dedicate the life of an anthology of the fools they revealed.
Yoga leaves (Correspondence, publ. 1887-1893). To the unimpressed collaborating with friends, veiling their thoughts on paper, not talking about style, and at the same time giving a unique opportunity to encourage an artist, analyzing their practice in the process of creative creation and formulating their own ideas about the nature of literature. In order to paint a self-portrait of Flaubert himself, to avenge a penetrating caution about people and people from the era of the Other Empire.
In the rest of Flaubert's life, misfortune was revisited: the death of his friend Bouyye in 1869, the occupation of the mother by the advancing army of witches under the hour of the Franco-Prussian war, nareshti, serious financial difficulties. Vin did not know commercial success when seeing his books, as if they had already shouted hostility from critics. Flaubert died at Croisset on May 8, 1880.
fr. Gustave Flaubert
French prose-realist, who is considered one of the largest European writers in the 19th century
short biography
Vіdomy French writer-novelist, one of the creators of the genre of the modern novel - was born in the city of Rouen, de coming into the world on December 12, 1821. Yogo father was a doctor, his mother was a representative of an old Norman family. Protyag 1823-1840 rr. Gustave will study at the Royal College of Moscow. Succeeds in the education of wines were not seen, but already in the years it manifested its majestic love for literature and pulls for history.
In 1840, Flaubert became a law student at the Parisian Sorbonne. In 1743, a new patient was diagnosed with an ailment of the nervous system, which predicted epilepsy and, as a result, a decrease in rukhovoi activity. Illness zmusiv in 1844 pripinit navchannya at the university. If his father died in 1846, Gustave, having moved to Rouen, knew Croisset before his mother, and all his further biography was related to this month. Flaubert in the closed way of life and їhav zvіdsi svіdsi povidnya nadpogo more than dvіchі for zhittya, і in both vipadki yogo companion buv Maxim Dyuka, best friend.
Since the recession in the father's mind allowed them not to think about their daily bread, Flaubert could immediately take a look at the literary practice. The first novels - "Memoirs of God" (1838), "November" (1842) - were folded in the heart of French romanticism, and even in the first edition of the novel "Vihovannya pochuttiv" (1843 -1845, left unpublished) a note of transition to reality.
In 1848-1851, the period after the defeat of the revolution, Flaubert did not take part in suspіlnogo life, the Parisian Commune did not understand him and was accepted. Vіn is alive in the zovsіm іnshmu svіtі, dorimuyuchis kontsії vіdosoblenostі and elіtarnostі literature.
In 1856, the world of tvir was pumped, which became a masterpiece of world literature and a new stage in the development of a modern novel, - “Pan Bovary. Provincial voices". The novel, appearing on the side of the Revue de Paris magazine with editorial cuts, is no less, but it didn’t seem to imply that the book was accused of immorality and that the author was reprimanded by the court. After the guilt of the true virtuoso, the novel was reprinted again in 1857 at a glance of good knowledge.
In 1858, Flaubert started a trip to Tunis and Algeria, collecting factual material for another novel - "Salambo" (published in 1862). In 1863, the third novel, “Vihovannya pochuttiv”, in 1874, the light of the “Spokus of St. Anthony”, a dramatic poem in the prose of a philosophical zmistu, appeared. The crowning achievement of Flaubert's creative biography was the publication in 1877 of "Three stories" and the unfinished novel "Bouvard and Pécuchet".
The remaining ten of Flaubert's fates turned out to be unfortunate: the ailment gave him strength and optimism, the chances were paid off in the middle of the Franco-Prussian war by a foreign army, his mother died and his good friend Buye, friendship with Maxim Dyukanov was interrupted. Nareshti, having seen material difficulties, to that most part of the lane, donating less to secure relatives, and seeing books did not bring great pennies: critics did not hesitate to do it. However, the self-made Flaubert, who was friends with George Sand and was the mentor of Guy de Maupassant, was talking about the new niece. The organism of the writer of letters was very strong, and he died on May 8, 1880 due to a stroke.
Flaubert's creativity was marked by a significant impact not only on national, but also on world literature. In addition, the leaders of yoga mentorship in literature came a number of gifted writers.
Biography from Wikipedia
Gustave Flaubert(Fr. Gustave Flaubert, December 12, 1821, Rouen - April 8, 1880 Croisset) - French prose-realist, who is considered one of the largest European writers of the XIX century. Practicing richly over the style of his works, hanging on the theory of the "exact word" ( le mot juste). He is the best known as the author of the novel "Madame Bovary" (1856).
Gustave Flaubert was born on December 12, 1821 in the city of Rouen in ancient bourgeois family. Yogo father was a surgeon at the liquor of Rouen, and his mother was the daughter of a doctor. Vіn buv a young child in the motherland. Creme Gustave had two children in his family: an older sister and a brother. Two other children did not survive. The childishness of the writer is radiant in the dark apartment of the doctor.
Started in 1832 at the Royal College and Lyceum in Rouen, de z friend (Ernest Chevalier) organized the manuscript of the journal "Mastering and Progress" in 1834. This journal has the first public text.
In 1836, roci vin zustriv Eliza Shlesinger, yak vplyula on the writer. He carried his movchasnu, inseparable passion of wine through all his life and imagining it in the novel “Vihovannya chuttiv”.
The youth of the writer is connected with the provincial places of France, having repeatedly described the wines in his work. In 1840, Flaubert was appointed to the Faculty of Law in Paris. There vin vіv bohemian life, zustrichavsya bagatma with people, Bagato writing. Throwing a warning in 1843 after the first epileptic attack. In 1844, the writer settled on the birch of Senya, not far from Rouen. Flaubert's way of life was characterized by isolation, exercising to self-isolation. The hour and the strength of the wines tried to devote to literary creativity.
In 1846, his father died, and one hour later, his sister. Yogo father, having deprived him of a solid recession, on a yak wine he could live comfortably.
Flaubert returned to Paris in 1848 to take part in the Revolution. From 1848 to 1852, the roads were more expensive for Skhid. We crossed Egypt and Jerusalem, through Constantinople and Italy. Having written down your own feelings and victorious in the creations.
Since 1855, Flaubert saw a lot of writers in Paris, including the brothers Goncourt, Baudelaire, and also writing with Turgenev.
In 1869, Lipni was strongly affected by the death of one Luy Buyye. As you can see, Flaubert had love affairs with his mother Guy de Maupassant, and they also had friendly girlfriends.
Under the hour of the occupation of France by Prussia, Flaubert went to Rouen together with his mother and niece. Yogo's mother died in 1872, and at the same time, the writer had problems for pennies. Problems and health are being repaired. Vin is selling his mine, leaving an apartment in Paris. I publish one after the other, create your own.
The remaining fates of the writer's life were obscured by financial problems, health problems and the health of friends.
Gustave Flaubert died on May 8, 1880 as a result of a stroke. There were a lot of writers present at the funeral, among them Emil Zola, Alphonse Daudet, Edmond Goncourt and John.
creativity
In 1849, he completed the first edition of “Calm St. Anthony” - a philosophical drama, having worked all his life over such a year. The bright-eyed vision is pierced by ideas of rozcharuvannya in the possibilities of knowledge, which is illustrated by different religious directions and specific doctrines.
The earliest known novel "Pan Bovary" 1857. title
Flaubert's popularity was brought by the publication in the magazine of the novel "Pan Bovary" (1856), the work on which began in the autumn of 1851. The writer tried his own novel to be realistic and psychological. Unexpectedly after her, Flaubert and the editor of the magazine "Revue de Paris" were attracted to the ship's reputation for the "image of morality." The novel appears to be one of the most important provisers of literary naturalism, however, in many ways, the author’s skepticism on contemporary suspense, Ale and up to the people vzagalі. Yak signified by B. A. Kuzmin,
in the very creativity of Flaubert, as if he were ashamed to show his sympathy to people, we don’t varty chogo sympathy, and at the same time, lower your own goodness, show your hatred to them. Like equal potential love and real hatred towards people and blame Flaubert's pose of impartiality.
Deyakі vіdmіchenі literaturoznavtsami vіdmіchenі vіdmіchіnі literaturnoї soblivіstі novel - dzhe dovga ekspozitsіya, vіdsutnіst traditіynogo pozitivnogo hero. Transferred to the provinces (with a sharply negative image) to put Flaubert in a number of writers, in the work of such an anti-provincial theme was one of the main ones.
Gaston Bucière. Salambo. 1907
Vipravduvalny virok, allowing the novel to be released to the public (1857). Preparatory period of work on the novel "Salambo" waiting for trips to the Crossing and to Pivnichnu Africa. So the novel appeared in 1862. This is a historical novel, in which it is told about the rebellion in Carthage in the third century BC. e.
Two years later, in the spring of 1864, Flaubert completed the work on the residual version of the novel "Vyhovannija Pochuttiv". The third novel "Vihovannya pochuttiv" (1869) was full of social problems. Zokrema, the novel describes the European style of 1848. So, in the novel, the influence of the life of the author was added, as if for example, the first deadness. Roman was coldly judged, and only a few hundreds of conciliators were ordered.
In 1877, they published in the journals “Simple Heart”, “Irodiad” and “The Legend of St. Julian the Merciful”, written during breaks between work on the rest of the novel “Bouvard and Pécuchet”, which were left unfinished, although we can judge about its finals for save the author's sketches, finish the report.
From 1877 to 1880, he took up editing the novel Bouvard and Pécuchet. This satirical verse was published after the writer's death in 1881.
Brilliant stylist, relatively aware of the warehouse of his creations, Flaubert built a majestic infusion into all distant literature, instilling in it a number of talented authors, among them boules Guy de Maupassant and Edmon Abu.
Flaubert's works were well known in Russia, Russian critics wrote sensitively about them. Create yoga by translating I. S. Turgenev, bound by close friendship with Flaubert; M. P. Mussorgsky having created an opera based on the motives of "Salambo".
Create crazy things
Gustave Flaubert, an associate of Charles Baudelaire, occupies a prominent role in the literature of the 19th century. Yogo was called out in immorality and groaned at him, however, these days the guilt of one of the leading writers was reprimanded. The novels “Pan Bovary” and “Vihovannya pochuttiv” brought popularity to you. Yogo style is common in its own elements and psychology, and naturalism. Flaubert himself is a realist himself.
In 1851, Gustave Flaubert began work on the novel "Pan Bovary" for five years. A novel of publications in the Revue de Paris magazine. The style of the novel is similar to the works of Balzac. The story is about a young man named Charles Bovary, who recently graduated from a provincial lyceum and took the post of doctor in a small settlement. Vіn makes friends with a young girl, the daughter of a rich farmer. Ale, the girl dreams of a beautiful life, there is a dear person in this poverty, to secure such a life and start her own business.
The novel "Salambo" was published after the novel "Pan Bovary". Flaubert started working on it in 1857. Three months in the provinces near Tunisia, surviving the historic Dzherel. If wines appeared in 1862, they adopted yoga with great enthusiasm. The novel originates from the fact that the hirelings celebrate the victory at war in the gardens of their general. Angry at the sight of the general and guessing your own way, the stink of smashing yoga mayo. Salambo, the daughter of a general, come to tame the soldiers. Two gangs of hirelings will suffocate in the same girl. A noble slave for the sake of one of them to conquer Carthage, in order to get a girl.
The work on the novel "Whihovannya pochuttiv" began at the spring of 1864 and ended in 1869. Twir is autobiographical. The novel is told about a young provincial who is sent to study in Paris. There you know friendship, art, politics, and you cannot choose between a monarchy, a republic, and an empire. A lot of women appear in Yogo's life, but all the stench is not equal to Mary Arnu, the retinue of the merchant, Yak Bula Yogo to the first kohanny.
The idea for the novel Bouvard and Pécuchet appeared in 1872. The author wants to write about Marnoslavl of his co-workers. Pіznіshe vіn tried to understand the very nature of the human being. The novel tells about those, like a hot summer day, two people, Bouvard and Pécuchet, chatter and get to know each other like a hot summer day. Pіznіshe z'yasovuєtsya, scho they have the same profession (kopiyuvalnik) and navіt svіlnі іnteresi. Yakby stink could, then they would live behind the city. Ale, otrimavshchy recession, stench all the same buy a farm and engage in a strong government. Pznіshe z'yasovuєtsya їх nezdatnіst to tsієї work. They try themselves in the field of medicine, chemistry, geology, politics, but with the same result. In this rank, the stinks turn to their profession as spearmen.
create
- "Memoirs of the Divine" / fr. Memoires d "un fou, 1838
- "November" / fr. Novembre, 1842
- "Mrs. Bovary. Provincial voices "/ fr. Madame Bovary, 1857
- "Salambo" / fr. Salammbô, 1862
- “Vihovannya pochuttiv” / fr. L "Éducation sentimentale, thousand times hundred sixty-nine
- "Spokus of St. Anthony" / fr. La Tentation de Saint Antoine, 1874
- "Three stories" / fr. Trois contes, 1877
- Bouvard and Pécuchet, 1881
screenings
- Madame Bovary (dir. Jean Renoir), France, 1933
- Madame Bovary, (dir. Vincente Minnelli) 1949
- Vihovannya pochuttіv (dir. Marcel Cravenne), France, 1973
- Save and save (dir. Oleksandr Sokurov), SRSR, 1989
- Madame Bovary (dir. Claude Chabrol), France, 1991
- Maya Memsaab, (dir. Keta Mehta), 1992, (based on the novel Madame Bovary)
- Panі Bovary (Madame Bovary), (dir. Tim Fіvell), 2000 р
- Night for night / All night (Toutes les nuits), (dir. Eugene Green), (for motives), 2001
- Simple soul (Un coeur simple), (dir. Marion Lane), 2008 р
- Panі Bovary (Madame Bovary), (dir. Sophie Barthez), 2014
music
- opera "Madame Bovary" / Madame Bovary (1955, Naples), composer Guido Pannain.