Biography
PETRARKA, FRANCHESKO (Petrarca, Francesco) (1304-1374) іtalіyskiy sings, the readings of the literary arbіtr from the hour that forerunner of the European humanistic ruch.
It was born on the 20 th day of 1304 rock in Arezzo, kudi at the link with the political spirits of the father, the Florentine notary. Through seven months mother drove Francesco to Anchizi, the deer stinks until 1311. On the ear of 1312, the whole homeland moved to Avignon (France). In order to become a private teacher, Francesco went to the law school in Montpellier. In 1320 people, together with his brother, he went viral to Bologna to continue the legal education. At April 1326, when the father died, the offense of the brothers turned to Avignon. At that hour, Petrarch was already showing up without a list of scholarship to the literary occupation.
In 1327, at Strasnu P'yatnytsya, in the Avignon church, there was no education and, having fallen in love with the village for the name of Laura, there was nothing more about her. She herself puffed Petrarch on the nicest yogo vіrshi.
Schob zooblyaty zhittya, Petrarch virishiv take a dignity. Vіn buv hovering, but it is unlikely that if there was some brutality in the divine service. In 1330 he was appointed chaplain to Cardinal Giovanna Colon, in 1335 he received the first benefit.
In 1337, Petrarch added a small hand at Vaucluse, a valley near Avignon. There, in two words, create in Latin - the epic poem Africa (Africa) about the victory of Hannibal Scipio of Africa and the book About Glorious Choloviks (De viris illustribus) - the stars of biographies of prominent people of antiquity. Todi zhav write lyrical vershi on Italian language, turning those leaves in Latin, taking on the comedy Filologia, I am not absorbed. Up to 1340 p. the literary activity of Petrarch, the yogh calls from the papal court and the far higher prices gave him European glory. 8 April 1341 RUB for the decisions of the Roman Senate, he was awarded the laurels of the poet-laureate.
1342-1343 Petrarch provid at the Voklyuz, de advancing the work over the epic singing and biographies, as well as, behind the witness, Spovid St. Augustine, having written a book-spovid My tamnitsya (Secretum Meum) in the form of three dialogues mіzh st. Augustine and Petrarch before the judgment of the truth. Todi are written about the repentance of Psalms (Psalmi poenitentialis); About memorials (Rerum memorandum libri) - a treatise about the basic garbage in the form of collection of anecdotes and biographies; didactic singing of Triumphus Cupidinis and Triumphus Pudicitie, written by Terzins; the first edition of the book of lyrical verses in the Italian language - Canzoniere.
Until the end of 1343 Petrarch went viral up to Parmi, having tried 1345 before the ear. At Parma, he continued to work over Africa and a treatise on the memory of the pod. Create an offense without finishing it, and it looks like you haven't turned around before them. Naprikintsi 1345 RUB Petrarch came to Vaucluse again. During the period of 1347 wines with the enthusiasm of the insurrectionary efforts, go to Rome with Kolya di Rinzo (later driven). For the whole period of win, having written about twelve allegorical eklogs of Bucolic pisens (Bucolicum carmen, 1346-1357), two prose treatises: About selfless life (De vita solitaria, 1346) and About the monk of the past (1347) research on creative ideas, as well as taking on a friend of the editorial office of Kantson'ri.
Mozhlivo, even sympathies before the insurrection, Kolya di Rynzo sponded Petrarch to the city in 1347, and went up to Italy. However, yo bazhannya came to Rome before the insurrection went out, as only I knew about the details of Kolya zhorstokosti. Winnin 'up at Parma's. In 1348, the plague took the life of Cardinal Colony and Lauri. At 1350 times Petrarch got to know and made friends with Giovanna Boccaccio and Francesco Nelli. For an hour, I spent an hour in Italy, having written a few eklogi and poem Triumphus Mortis, starting to eat Triumphus Fame, and also reading Epistolae metricae.
Rocky 1351-1353 Petrarch spent a lot of time at the Vaucluse, I will pay special respect to the suspicious life, I will especially become a reference at the papal court. Todi zh vin wrote Invectiva contro medicum, criticizing the methods of likariv tata. Most of the sheets, written during the period and criticizing the situation in Avignon, have been selected from the book Without an address (Liber sine nomine).
In 1353, Petrarch had a request from Archbishop Milan, Giovanna Visconti, settling in Milana, de vikonuvav the details of the secretary, orator and emisar. Todi zh vin having finished Bukolichnі pisnі and zbіrku Without address; After a simple tvir About de remediis ultriusque fortunae, 250 dialogues about those, how to cope with success and failure; writing Shlyakh to Syria (Itinerarium syriacum) - a guide for pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 1361, Petrarch left Milan, scurrying through the plague, scho fiercely there. Rik win provin at Padua, on the requested family of Carrar, de finishing the robot on the letter of the message, and also picking up Leaves about a private life (Familiarum rerum libri XXIV), where 350 leaves were sent out in Latin. Todi and Petrarch rasspolzhala one more zbirka - Old sheets (Seniles), kudi zreshtoy gone 125 sheets, written between 1361 and 1374 and broken into 17 books. In 1362, Petrarch was born, yak and earlier, they ran out of plague, duck at Venets. At 1366 p. a group of young followers of Aristotle launched attacks on Petrarch. Vіn іdpovіv іdkoyu іnvektivoyu About the negligence of their own people (De sui ipsius et multorum ignorantia). In 1370 rotsi Petrarch bought a modest villa in Arkva, on the Evganey pagorbakh. In 1372, the Vіyskovі dії mіzh Paduyu and the Crown zmusili yogi grabbed for an hour at Padua. When the Padu was struck, it was at once the ruler of the virus to conduct a peaceful negotiation until the end of the week. In the last seven days of the life of Petrarak, he continued to live up to Kantsonyra (in the last edition of 1373 rock, the book is titled Latin Rerum vulgarium fragmenta - Urivki on on a new move) And having worked over the Triumphs, in the remainder of the editorial revision there were a lot of last "triumphs": Love, Innocence, Death, Glory, Hour and Vicnosty. Petrarch died in Arkva 19 linnya 1374 rock. Petrarch, having given the revision to the cultural decline of antiquity, reliably analyzes the texts of ancient writings and the newest viglyad. I myself have seen myself as such that I can stand on the stick for two epochs. Svіy vіk wіn respecting the Western and vicious, protest not at all not to acquire these addictions. Such, for example, is the Perevaga of Plato and St. Augustine aristotelivsky and tomistsky, vidmova Petrarch, viznat svitsku pozіyu vіtsіku pozіvіyu vіtsіvіyu svіtіyu svіtsіyu svіtіyu svіtіyu tо hіstiіansky poryatunka, glancing at the train as to the most beautiful kind of mystery and understanding, yaaknot spіlnogo banner antique and Christian culture that, nareshti, passionately bazhanya turn Rome into the center of the civilized light. Petrarch was tormented by a deep internal conflict, victorious over the congregation of the vimogs and made him a Christian. The very poezіya of Petrarch is zavdyachuє with his nyvyshie zlelets. Bezposrednіmi dzherelnya natchnennya became unremarkable kokhannya to Lauri and worship before the valor and garnets of the ancient, led by the head rank of the figure of Scipion African Elder. Petrarch having venerated Africa to her head achievements, Kantsonyre became a "miraculous memory" - 366 illustrious Italian verses, who were also appropriated to Lauria. It is impossible to explain the lirism of tsikh vіrshіv by depriving Petrarch of the poezia of Provencal troubadours, "malty new style", Ovidia and Virgilia. Conduct a parallel between your love to Lauri and the myth about Daphne, like Petrarch's mind is symbolic - as not only about the soon-to-be-minded kohannya, but about the great beauty of the poetry, - I have to bring a special book with my “new, new life” kohannya, sucking in yogo in nova artist form ... Hailing in front of the ancient heroes and misters, Petrarch will watch for a while, as a sign of great need for a moral reborn and spokutuvanny, tight for eternal bliss. The life of a Christian is greater and more rich, and a little bit of intelligence is given to you, but Divine light can transform the knowledge of the past into wisdom. The process of breaking the linguistic mythology in the prism of Christian svitosprimyattya and in the love lyricism of Petrarch, and as a result, the theme sounds spokuti. Laura yak Krasa, Trains and Zemna Lyubov is a goddess of worship, but not at the price of saving the soul. Out of this confrontation, you seem to be unintelligible, spokuta, you can see it in Petrarch’s zusilli, seeking a thorough turn of his addiction, but not among the mature, who are ready to fix and end up. Navi the great love can be justified before the Lord as a pure poetry. The first song of Petrarch from Lauroy was seen, for his words, at Strasnu on Friday. Petrarch and nadal otozhnyuє kokhan with religious, moral and philosophical ideals, timidly, there is an emphasis on the uninvolved physical beauty. So yogo kohannya appear on the same level with Platon's vichny ideas, how to lead people to great good. Ale, Petrarch wants to be within the framework of the poetical tradition, like taking the ear of Andriy Kapellan's and ended up with a "liquorice new style", protein kokhannya, ni kohan is not unearthly, transcendental. Zahoplyuyuchis antique authors, Petrarch vyrobiv Latin style, like buv nabagato thoroughly from the Latin of that hour. Create italic my wines without giving a value. It’s possible, because the actions of the Kantsoniri may be the essence of formal changes: they are guilty of thunderous words, fiery contrasts and stretched metaphors. It is a pity that the very tsі rice is most well taken over by the inheritance of Petrarch (so-called petrarkizm). Petrarch's sonnet, one of two typical sonnet forms (in the order of Shakespeare), is perceived as a two-part rose on the cob of eight verses (octave) with rims abba abba and finally six verses (sextet) with rims cde. In that chi іnshomu viglyadі, petrarchism has appeared in the majority of European lands. Having reached the peak at the 16th century, it was periodically brought up until recently. At the early stage, they inherited Latin into the main work of Petrarch, and more recently, Triumphs, Nareshty, Kantson'ri, which appeared to be the best. In the midst of all the poets and writers of the Renaissance, and in this world they have become aware of Petrarch's influx, - J. Boccaccio, M.M. Boyardo, L. Medicine and T. Tasso in Italy; Marquis de Santiliana, A. Marc, G. de la Vega, H. Boscan and F. de Herrera in Spain; C. Marot, J. Du Bellay, M. Mon, P. Ronsard and F. Deport in France; J. Chaucer, T. White, G. H. Sarri, E. Spencer, F. Sidni, T. Lodge and G. Constable in England; P. Fleming, M. Opits, G. Vekkerlin and T. Heck u Nimechchin. In the period of romanticism, Petrarch also knew about shanuvalniks and nasliduvachivs, and most primitives by U. Foscolo and J. Leopardi Italia; A. Lamartin, A. Musset and V. Hugo at France; G. W. Longfellow, J. R. Lowell and W. Irving in America.
Petrarch Francesco was born on the 20th of 1304 rock in Arezzo, Batko pratsyuvav notary at Florence, ale the temptations buv tikati іf sіm'єyu through political entanglements. Francesco still did not accept і 1 rock, yak mother transported yogo to Anchizi, de voni lived until 1311 rock. The native land of Petrarch went to the French Avignon. I helped Francesco with home education with a private teacher, and then went to the law school in Montpellier. In 1320, having traveled at once as a brother to Bologna, he continued to vyvchennya right. In the middle of spring 1326, Father died and the brothers turned to Avignon.
For material security of life, Petrarch is accepted as a san. I would like to have a blessing of blessings, but to the fact that the divine services were served by him, and the rituals were unavailable. In 1330 he became a chaplain to Cardinal Giovanna Colon. After 5 years, I got the first benefit for services to the church.
In 1337, Petrarch bought a small house in the Vaucluse valley of Avignon, and as soon as I wrote the epic poem "Africa" and the comedy "Philology", as in our hour to get lost. Also vin zibrav biography see people antique period near the book "About the glorious cholovikiv". At the end of the hour, there are lyrical verses in Italian, and in Latin - verse that leaves. Oskilki service at the papal court of imagal and distant trips, Petrarch became a visitor to all Europe until 1340. Senate to Rome, having honored him with laurels of poet laureate on April 8, 1341 rock.
In the period 1342-1343 years. Petrarch is alive at the Voklyuzі and prodovzhuvav writing epіchnuyu and biographies, having opened the book-spіd "My tаєmnitsya" and іnshi create.
R 1343-1345 having moved to Parmi, de-progressing his robot, or not completing "Africa". Cardinal Colony and Lauri died in 1348.
At 1351 rotsi Petrarch knows to turn to Vaucluse, to take huge lives and write critical sheets to the papal court, which will lead you to the book "Without an address".
Bishop Milana Giovanna Visconti will ask for a poet from 1353 rotsi for the work of an orator, secretary of the emisar. Ale in 1361, a plague broke out in Milana and Petrarch went to Padua, and through the river to Venice. In 1370 he added a small mattok to the Arkva, and placed it on the Yvganey pagorbahs. Francesco Petrarca died Arkva 19 years old 1374 rock.
The great Italian sings.
Born 1304 r. at the family of the Florentine notary. Petrarch joined the universities of Bologna and Montpellier, de vivchav right. U 1309 p. Having taken the clergy in Avignon, de todi rose the residence of the popes. On the ear of the 1330s. having risen in price in Europe. At 1337 p. fasting Rome.
U 1337-1341 pp. alive at the village of Vaucluse, having opened a few of his creations. At the end of an hour, Petrarch wrote "Africa", a grandiose Tvir in Latin language, scho raspovіdaє about the conquest of Carthage by Rome. Petrarch mriyav about the creation of the Italy, having overcame the Emperor Charles IV after the development of the Italian lands under his rule. Confused Petrarch і on Roman popes, і on the king of Naples. Oscillations and political evidence of the bulwark is unassigned;
Petrarch Buv was a great icon of antique literature and philology. Antique culture is little thought and creativity of Petrarch. Petrarch wrote a copy of moral and ethical treatises, in which she called out to the most suitable way of living: in one, having described the "carelessness", assignments to those occupied with the sciences and mysteries in the first place - black asceticism.
At the treatise "About the chance against good luck" I write about the depth of the earthly life, alevlya interest in the human specialty. In the robot "About fair wisdom," Petrarch keeps firmness, but philosophy is a servant of theology, and philosophy is a servant of theology, and philosophy is self-knowledge. At the treatise "Taєmnitsya" Petrarch, there is a head conflict, the presence of his soul is a conflict of worldly aspirations and a humanistic glance with an ascetic ideal, which is isolated by St. Augustine.
Unimportant to the Latin slump of Petrarch, as well as the glory of all the glory to runt at this Italian poetry, the zeal of Petrarch to bach at the beautiful and dreadful ladies. Petrarch, having written the helpless sonnets, assigned to the kohan, Lauria, yaku vin zustriv at 1327 r. Petrarch blessed Lauria before her death in 1348, and lived ten years after her death.
In such a rank, the sonnets are divided into two parts: “for life” Lauri and “for death”. At the verses of Petrarch Laura, who do not consume real rice, become alegoric purity and garnet. Petrarch writes about the cleansing and dyeing, pouring love to Lauri onto your soul. Remaining fateful life of Petrarch provin the Italy, a lot more expensive. Sings died 1374 r.
Create:
Petrarch F. Vibrani sonnets and canzoni at the translations of Russian writings, St. Petersburg, 1898;
Petrarch F. Autobiography, Spovid, Soneti. M., 1915.
Іlustratsії:
Portrait of Petrarch.
Francesco Petrarca (Italian Francesco Petrarca). Born 20 lime trees 1304 rock in Arezzo - died 19 lime trees 1374 rock. The Italian sings, the head of the older generation of the humanities, one of the most popular figures of the Italian Protoreness, a student of Varlaam Kalabriysky.
Petrarch was born on the 20th of April 1304 in Arezzo, de znaysov sobibet of yogo dad, Florentine lawyer P'utro di sir Parenzo (prisvisko Petrakko), vignanii from Florence - one hour through affiliation to the party. After the old ones didn’t understand the small places of Tuscany, the fathers of the nineteen-year-old Francesco moved to Avignon, and then to the late Carpentre.
At Franzia Petrarch, having entered the school, he latin language that viyaviv interest to roman literature. Having finished Navchannya (1319), Petrarch for the fathers of the father went to vivchati right, with a chat in Montpellier, and then at the Bologna University, deceased to the death of the father (1326). Aleksandr Jurisprudence didn’t trick Petrarch, which was becoming more and more choked up by the classic writers.
When I went to the university without becoming a lawyer, I was given a dedication from a priest, so that I could know before my life, when my father was in decline, having removed the manuscripts of Virgilia’s works. Having settled in Avignon at the papal court, Petrarch entered the spiritual calling and approached Colon, one of the members of which, Giacomo, having become his university comrade, and offensive rotsi(1327) for the first time punching Laura, love didn’t let her go to the point of making her head dull on her journey, and served as one of the reasons for her seeing from Avignon during the Vaucluse trip.
Petrarch also went to the first officially registered congregations (with his brother) to the top of Mont Ventoux, which appeared on April 26, 1336, I would like to see that Jean Burydan and old residents of the city saw the summit to the new one.
The Colon's intercession and literary popularity were brought to them by a number of church sinecures; he added a small house near the valley of the river Sorga, having lived for 16 years (1337–1353) for several interruptions. Timing for an hour, the leaves of Petrarch, that literary creation, destroyed this celebrity, and once they won the request from Paris, Naples and Rome, they won the crown with laurel wine. Petrarch Vibrav Rome and Buv urochistoy celebrations on the Capitol laurel wink at Great Day 1341 - the whole day of the ages of the ages of the epoch of the Renaissance.
As the Latin works of Petrarch may be more historically significant, then the glory of the poet as a poet is rutted on the basis of the Italian verses. Petrarch himself was put before them because of anger, like before "dribnits", "dribnits", since he wrote not for the public, but for himself, pragmatic, "like it’s not good, don’t glorify, let the sorrowful heart fall." The safety, the wide breadth of the Italian revolutions of Petrarch zumovil the greatness of the flow on the partners and the generation.
He called his cohana Laura and told about her only those who first started in the church of Santa Chiara on April 6, 1327, and just 21 years later, she died, because of whom was born the rock. A two-part collection of dedicated sonnets and canzon ("for life" and "for the death of Madonna Lauri"), traditionally called Il Canzoniere (іт. Letter. "Pisennik"), abo Rime Sparse, abo (Latin) Rerum vulgarium fragmenta- Central to the significance of the works of Petrarch in the Italian language. In addition to the image of love to Lauri, in "Kantsonyuri" there is a little bit of vicious zmist, overwhelmingly political and religious. "Kantsonyurі", even before the ear of the 17th century, it was close to 200 views and comments by a whole lot of people and poets from L. Marsil from the 14th century to the Leopard in the 19th century, the beginning of the meaning of Peter the Great in the history of the history of the world.
In my own creation, in my Italian language, we sing "Trionfi" ("Trionfi") sings an allegorical image of the overcoming of love over people, value over love, death over value, glory over death, hour over glory and time over the hour.
Petrarch has truly created the form of the artistic lyricism: a journey for the first time in the new inner history of individual feeling. Tsey interest to the inner life of the people to pass with a red thread through the Latin works of Petrarch, as they begin their meaning as a humanist.
Having lived close to fate at the courtyard of the Parma tyrant Azzo di Correggio, I once again turned to Vaucluse. Mriyuchi about the revival of greatness ancient Rome, having become a proponent of the renewal of the Roman Republic, the adventure of the "tribune" Cola di Rienci (1347), which took off from the Colon, sponuously migrated to Italy. After two trivial highways to Italy (1344-1345 and 1347-1351), de vin having tied up the number of friendships (among those), Petrarch was named after Vaucluse in 1353, since he entered the papal throne in January Petro, take it.
Having received the proponated department of Florence, Petrarch settled at Milana at the courtyard of Visconti; Visited the diplomatic missions and, also in the first place, at the Prazi at Charles IV, which was sent to Mantua on the next hour requested. In 1361 Petrarch, having overshadowed Milan, went to Avignon not far away, and moved to Prague, settling in Venice (1362-1367);
Zvidsi vіn mayzhe chorіcno zdіynsnuvіvіvіtіvіvіvіvіvіy prіvіtіtіtіyu. The rest of the life of Petrarch spent at the courtyard of Francesco da Kappapa, chastkovo in Padua, chastkovo in the Zamyskoe village of Arkva, de j died from 18 to 19 in 1374, one day before his 70th ricchia. Yogo knew vrants at the table with a pen at the ruts over the life of Caesar. The monument of the red marmur, the poets' son-in-law Brossano, was built in 1667 in the middle of the city.
Petrarch Francesco (1304-1374), Italian sings
Arezzo was born at a new notary. In 1312, the family traveled from Arezzo to Avignon.
I will learn about it from Montpellier, and then from Bologna University. However, I hate jurisprudence. To that, after the death of loved ones, throwing busyness and turning to Avignon. Having accepted the spiritually calling, yak gave him access to the papal court (1326). Petrarch buried himself in the blink of a court life.
At 1327 p. near the church of st. Clary Winn the Garnu to the Young Woman, having sped at the Virshah. Yogo zbіrka "Book of Pisen" is composed of sonnets, canzon, sextin, balad, madrigals, how to describe this idealized cohannia Laura. Vona Bula deputy woman, small 11 children, and I was introduced to the status of a kohan. The glory of "spіvak Lauri", brought the patroness of the flooded individuals, the seed of the family Colon. At 1330 rotsi Petrarch entered the service until Giovanna Colon, giving the poet the power of the ancient writers. Winning the library, rewriting the manuscripts of ancient authors and writing the comedy "Philology" from the inheritance of Terence (not spared).
At 1333 Petrarch went to France, Flanders, Nimechchinoy. Everybody, having looked around the monuments and shukov old manuscripts. Repairing from 1337, he often spent days on his own at his booth at Vaucluse, near Avignon.
Remained twenty years of life (from 1353) were kept together in Milana, then at the Venice and Padua.
The Crimean "Africa" sings after opening 12 eclogues (1346-1356) inherited from Virgilia's "Bucolics". Most of them were of a vicious character.
Historical pratsi took a special place in your creativity;
Dialogue "My tamnitsya, or the Book of Roses about anger to light" is a spiritual autobiography.
Tsikavi facts from the life of the Italian poet Vikladeni at the tsiy statty.
Francesco Petrarca cikavi facts
Yogo dad will be a notary, and mother will be a housekeeper.
Bagato hto vvazhaє yogo the master of humanism and "Father Vidrodzhennya".
Petrarch was the first to sing, as if declaring that Kozhen was singing a big poklikannya. Having played for the triumph of the rosum and the beauty of the people, as physical and spiritual. At his journey, Francesco has vyaviv mustache most beautifully, in front of the era of the Renaissance.
Bagato has risen in price- Introduced to France, Nimechchin, Flanders. At the edges of the wines, I was busy with writing ancient manuscripts and looking around at the memorials.
If you have met 40 years, Petrarch got sick. A dozen hour later, my friends and relatives were in good health, and he died. Ale naspravdі sings falling into a lethargic dream. Preparation went on before the funeral, everyone was scolding about the impending death of the great poet. Ale you "have been spared" - at that hour of the deceased, it could be deprived of it for the good of death. Such fences were used to snatch the life of Petrarch. Winning over to his grave, moving and declaring about those who feel miraculous.
Together with his brother on the name of Gerardo, he went to the hilltop in 1336 on the outskirts of the Avignon place. They said that they felt like an inner voice sings, as if it seemed to them to take the "Spovid" of Blessed Augustine from themselves. Having reached the top, Petrarch pushed the book, and the book appeared on the singing side itself. Vaughn cried out for human predilections.
His platonic kohannya - Laurí, Francesco Petrarca, having appropriated your creation in a stretch of 21 rock. I wish to send a message of death in 10 more years to Lauri's honor by writing the canzoni and sonnet. Ale I was not judged at once, and even if she was happy, she was happy with the cholovik and 11 children, so I saw it.